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Table 1 Demographic Characteristics and Participants' Substance Use by Diagnostic Category

From: Gender-specific profiles of tobacco use among non-institutionalized people with serious mental illness

Characteristic

All

Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder

Mood or Anxiety Disorder1

Differences

 

(N = 729)

(n = 436)

(n = 293)

 
 

(100%)

(59.8%)

(40.2%)

 
 

f

%

f

%

f

%

χ2(df), sig.2

Gender (n = 719)

      

8.0 (1), p = .005

   Male

351

48.8

228

53.3

123

42.3

 

   Female

368

51.2

200

46.7

168

57.7

 

Racialised Group (n = 680)

      

0.3 (1), p = .592

   No (e.g., white/European)

499

73.4

300

74.3

199

72.1

 

   Yes (e.g., Aboriginal/Asian/South Asian/Black)

181

26.6

104

25.7

77

27.9

 

Education (n = 723)

      

1.1 (1), p = .289

   Less than high school

170

23.5

108

25.0

62

21.3

 

   High school or more

553

76.5

324

75.0

229

78.7

 

Marital Status (n = 719)

      

18.9 (3), p = <.001

   Single and never married

453

63.0

289

67.5

164

56.4

 

   Separated/Divorced

159

22.1

92

21.5

67

23.0

 

   Married (spouse or common law partner)

79

11.0

30

7.0

49

16.8

 

   Widowed

28

3.9

17

4.0

11

3.8

 

Housing (n = 723)

      

28.5 (3), p <.0001

   Independent (private house or apartment)

513

71.0

279

64.6

234

80.4

 

   Residential facility (licensed/boarding)

102

14.1

81

18.8

21

7.2

 

   Semi-independent (subsidy/supportive care)

94

13.0

66

15.3

28

9.6

 

   Shelter/hostel/no housing

14

1.9

6

1.4

8

2.7

 

Living Arrangement (n = 724)

      

26.4 (3), p <.0001

   Lives alone

383

52.9

240

55.6

143

49.0

 

   Lives with family

170

23.5

87

20.1

83

28.4

 

   Group home resident

101

14.0

76

17.6

25

8.6

 

   Lives with roommate/friend(s)/girlfriend/boyfriend

70

9.7

29

6.7

41

14.0

 

Sources of Financial Support (multiple responses permitted, n = 714)

       

   Disability benefits (yes v. no)

405

57.0

235

55.8

170

58.8

0.7 (1), p = .397

   Canada Pension Plan or other pension (yes v. no)

165

23.1

102

24.1

63

21.7

0.4 (1), p = .525

   Earned income/paid work (yes v. no)

167

23.4

89

21.0

78

26.9

3.0 (1), p = .082

   Social assistance/welfare (yes v. no)

119

16.7

87

20.5

32

11.0

10.5 (1), p = .001

   Family contribution (yes v. no)

110

15.4

58

13.7

52

17.9

2.1 (1), p = .150

Smoking Status (n = 729)

      

13.1 (2), p = .001

   Current

341

46.8

226

51.8

115

39.2

 

   Former

156

21.4

91

20.9

65

22.2

 

   Never

232

31.8

119

27.3

113

38.6

 

Any Alcohol Intoxication (in past month) (n = 716)

      

2.9 (1), p = .088

   Yes

63

8.8

31

7.2

32

11.2

 

   No

653

91.2

399

92.8

254

88.8

 

Any Cocaine Use (in past month) (n = 716)

      

0.0 (1), p = 1.000

   Yes

28

3.9

17

4.0

11

3.8

 

   No

688

96.1

412

96.0

276

96.2

 

Any Cannabis Use (in past month) (n = 717)

      

2.3 (1), p = .128

   Yes

92

12.8

48

11.2

44

15.3

 

   No

625

87.2

382

88.8

243

84.7

 
 

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

t (df), sig.

Age (years) (n = 721)

47.4

12.1

47.8

12.4

46.9

11.9

1.0 (719), p = .336

Brief Symptom Inventory (n = 715)

       

   Somatic symptoms

10.8

4.3

10.6

4.1

11.1

4.6

-1.6 (566.1), p = .1003

   Depression

12.0

5.4

11.5

4.9

12.8

6.0

-3.1 (522.4), p = .0023

   Anxiety

11.8

5.3

11.3

4.9

12.6

5.8

-3.2 (533.1), p = .0023

   Global Severity Index

34.7

13.2

33.4

12.1

36.6

14.5

-3.1 (533.6), p = .0023

  1. 1 Composed of participants with a mood disorder or an anxiety disorder (38.1% and 2.1% of the total sample, respectively).
  2. 2Continuity correction applied for crosstabulations with 1 degree of freedom.
  3. 3Levene's Test for Equality of Variances significant; thus, equal variances not assumed for t-tests.