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Table 4 unadjusted, partially adjusted and fully adjusted effect of antenatal and postnatal prevalent CMD on infant undernutrition at the age of six and twelve months in the P-MaMiE study

From: The effect of maternal common mental disorders on infant undernutrition in Butajira, Ethiopia: The P-MaMiE study

Model

Timing for main exposure

Six month time point

One year time point

  

Underweight OR(95% CI)

Stunting OR(95% CI)

Underweight OR(95% CI)

Stunting OR(95% CI)

Unadjusted

     
 

Antenatal

1.43(0.89,2.30)

0.91(0.56, 1.46)

1.34(0.84, 2.12)

1.13(0.76, 1.70)

 

Postnatal

0.66(0.27, 1.61)

0.94(0.45, 1.97)

0.61(0.25, 1.47)

0.84(0.45, 1.58)

Adjusted for

     

   Household characteristics

     
 

Antenatal

1.37(0.83, 2.27)

0.90(0.55, 1.47)

1.13(0.69, 1.84)

1.00(0.65, 1.52)

 

Postnatal

0.76(0.31, 1.87)

0.93(0.44, 1.95)

0.63(0.26, 1.54)

0.88(0.46, 1.68)

   Maternal characteristics

     
 

Antenatal

1.50(0.91, 2.48)

0.84(0.50, 1.39)

1.17(0.71, 1.92)

1.10(0.72, 1.69)

 

Postnatal

0.60(0.24, 1.47)

0.85(0.40, 1.80)

0.53(0.22, 1.29)

0.80(0.42, 1.52)

   Infant characteristics

     
 

Antenatal

1.50(0.92, 2.46)

0.96(0.59, 1.56)

1.33(0.82, 2.14)

1.18(0.78, 1.79)

 

Postnatal

0.68(0.28, 1.65)

0.91(0.44, 1.91)

0.62(0.26, 1.49)

0.82(0.44, 1.55)

   Feeding practices

     
 

Antenatal

1.52(0.93, 2.49)

0.96(0.59, 1.57)

1.32(0.82, 2.13)

1.18(0.78, 1.78)

 

Postnatal

0.67(0.28, 1.65)

0.92(0.44, 1.92)

0.61(0.25, 1.47)

0.81(0.43, 1.53)

Fully Adjusted

     
 

Antenatal

1.28(0.73, 2.24)

0.80(0.46, 1.38)

0.81(0.46, 1.43)

1.00(0.62, 1.60)

 

Postnatal

0.56(0.22, 1.46)

0.66(0.30, 1.45)

0.52(0.21, 1.32)

0.80(0.40, 1.59)

Available Evidence from relevant Literature

     

Rahman et al 2004

Antenatal

3.5(1.5, 8.6)

3.2(1.1, 9.9)

3.0(1.5, 6.0)

2.8(1.3, 6.1)

Adewuya et al 2008

Postnatal

4.21(1.34, 13.20)

3.34(1.18, 9.55)

-------

-------

Adewuya et al 2008§

Postnatal

3.19(1.21, 8.40)

3.21(1.03 10.47)

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-----

Patel et al 2003 **

Postnatal

Varies between 2.5 and 3.5

Varies between 3.2 and 3.6

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Rahman et al 2004**

Postnatal

--------

-------

2.8(1.2, 6.8)

-------

Anoop et al 2004***

Postnatal

--------

-------

3.1(0.9, 9.7)

--------

Tomlinson et al 2006+

Postnatal

0.25(0.03, 2.09)

1.78(0.69, 4.63)

  

Tomlinson et al 2006++

Postnatal

  

2.32(0.90, 6.00)

2.52(0.98, 6.47)

Tomlinson et al 2006+++

Postnatal

  

1.10(0.27, 4.46)

2.44(0.70, 8.58)

Harpman etal 2005 (ET)

Postnatal

  

1.1(0.9, 1.3)

0.9(0.7, 1.1)

Harpman etal 2005 (PE)

Postnatal

  

0.8(0.6, 1.1)

1.1(0.9, 1.4)

Harpman etal 2005 (VE)

Postnatal

  

1.3(1.0, 1.7)

1.2(0.9, 1.7)

Harpman etal 2005 (IN)

postnatal

  

1.1(0.9, 1.3)

1.4(1.2, 1.6)

Surkan et al 2008§§

postnatal

  

0.6(0.2, 1.7)

1.8(1.1, 2.8)

  1. * the models are not fully adjusted and hence no single estimate for adjusted odds ratio
  2. ** The result is for nine month rather than for 12 months of infant age
  3. *** The result is at a median infant age of 10.5 month rather than 12 months of age
  4. + unadjusted effect of concurrent CMD at two month time point
  5. ++ unadjusted effect of two month postnatal CMD on 18 month nutritional status
  6. +++ unadjusted effect of concurrent CMD at 18 month of age
  7. § unadjusted effect of postnatal CMD on three month nutritional status
  8. §§ Reported effects are on nutritional status of 6-24 year old children
  9. ET = Ethiopia; PE = Peru, VE = Vetnam; IN = India