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Table 2 GRAS sample description

From: The cross-sectional GRAS sample: A comprehensive phenotypical data collection of schizophrenic patients

  

total

men

women

statistics

  

N

%

mean (sd)

median

N

%

mean (sd)

median

N

%

mean (sd)

median

χ 2/Z

P

sociodemographics

               

total n

 

1037

100

  

693

100

  

344

100

    

age (in years)

   

39.52 (12.56)

39.05

  

37.57 (11.97)

36.67

  

43.46 (12.80)

42.85

Z = -6.980

< 0.001*

education (in years)

   

11.94 (3.37)

12.00

  

11.71 (3.34)

12.00

  

12.42 (3.39)

12.00

Z = -2.714

0.007*

ethnicity:

caucasian

992

95.66

  

661

95.38

  

331

96.20

    
 

african

7

0.68

  

6

0.87

  

1

0.30

    
 

mixed

10

0.96

  

7

1.01

  

3

0.90

  

χ2 = 1.202

0.753

 

unknown

28

2.70

  

19

2.74

  

9

2.60

    

native tongue:

German

902

86.98

  

591

85.71

  

311

90.67

    
 

bi-lingual German

46

4.44

  

38

4.33

  

8

1.46

  

χ2 = 6.899

0.032*

 

other

89

8.58

  

64

9.96

  

25

7.87

    

marital status:

single

748

72.13

  

575

82.97

  

173

50.44

    
 

married

129

12.44

  

48

6.93

  

81

23.32

    
 

divorced

124

11.96

  

57

8.23

  

67

19.53

  

χ2 = 121.516

< 0.001*

 

widowed

13

1.25

  

3

0.43

  

10

2.92

    
 

unknown

23

2.22

  

10

1.44

  

13

3.79

    

living situation:

alone

292

28.16

  

201

29.00

  

91

26.45

    
 

alone with children

17

1.64

  

0

0

  

17

4.94

    
 

with partner (± children)

137

13.20

  

50

7.22

  

87

25.29

    
 

With parents

157

15.14

  

121

17.46

  

36

10.47

    
 

with others (family members, friends)

71

6.85

  

53

7.65

  

18

5.23

  

χ2 = 116.823

< 0.001*

 

sheltered home

282

27.19

  

212

30.59

  

70

20.35

    
 

forensic hospital

54

5.21

  

43

6.20

  

11

3.20

    
 

homeless

4

0.39

  

4

0.58

  

0

0

    
 

unknown

23

2.22

  

9

1.30

  

14

4.07

    

clinical picture

               

diagnosis:

classical schizophrenias

schizoaffective disorders

852

185

82.16

17.84

  

615

78

88.74

11.26

  

237

107

68.90

31.10

  

χ2= 61.794

< 0.001*

age of onset of first psychotic episode

   

25.75 (8.81)

23.00

  

24.49 (7.71)

22.00

  

28.28 (10.23)

26.00

Z = -5.705

< 0.001*

duration of disease (in years)

   

13.23 (10.71)

10.87

  

12.57 (10.38)

10.16

  

14.54 (11.24)

13.02

Z = -2.600

0.009*

hospitalization (number of inpatient stays)

   

8.60 (9.76)

6.00

  

8.49 (9.95)

5.00

  

8.83 (9.38)

6.00

Z = -0.727

0.467

chlorpromazine equivalents

   

687.36 (696.85)

499.98

  

706.67 (668.43)

520.00

  

648.35 (750.50)

450.00

Z = -2.428

0. 015*

PANSSa:

positive symptoms

  

13.76 (6.32)

12.00

  

13.94 (6.16)

12.00

  

13.92 (6.64)

12.00

Z = -0.130

0.990

 

negative symptoms

  

18.23 (7.85)

17.00

  

18.14 (7.57)

17.00

  

18.11 (8.44)

17.00

0.886

0.376

 

general psychiatric symptoms

  

33.73 (11.83)

32.00

  

33.37 (11.31)

32.00

  

34.50 (12.81)

33.00

-0.886

0.376

 

total score

  

65.64 (23.40)

63.00

  

65.32 (22.41)

63.00

  

66.31 (25.37)

62.00

-0.025

0.980

Clinical Global Impression scaleb

   

5.57

6.00

  

5.57 (1.03)

6.00

  

5.57 (1.18)

6.00

Z = -0.121

0.894

Global Assessment of Functioningc

   

45.76 (0.68)

45.00

  

45.60 (16.30)

45.00

  

46.09 (19.11)

45.00

Z = -0.323

0.747

global quality of life d

   

5.41 (2.37)

5.00

  

5.43 (2.31)

5.00

  

5.38 (2.49)

5.00

Z = -0.378

0.705

Brief Symptom Inventory e:

general severity index

  

0.88 (0.68)

0.71

  

0.87 (0.66)

0.71

  

0.92 (0.72)

0.71

Z = -0.687

0.492

State-Trait-Anxiety Inventory f :

state anxiety

  

43.54 (10.89)

43.00

  

43.48 (10.45)

43.00

  

43.65 (11.79)

43.00

Z = -0.121

0.904

 

trait anxiety

  

44.96 (11.34)

45.00

  

44.67 (11.09)

45.00

  

45.56 (11.82)

46.00

-0.983

0.326

Toronto Alexithymia Scale g

   

2.59 (0.56)

2.61

  

2.58 (0.54)

2.55

  

2.60 (0.60)

2.66

Z = -0.607

0.544

  1. aKay SR, Fiszbein A, Opler LA: The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull1987,13(2):261-276. bGuy W: Clinical Global Impressions (CGI). In ECDEU Assessment manual for psychopharmacology, revised NationalInstitue of Mental Health. Rockville, MD; 1976. cAmericanPsychiatricAssociation: Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press; 1994. dBased on a visual analogue scale (Krampe H, Bartels C, Victorson D, Enders CK, Beaumont J, Cella D, Ehrenreich H: The influence of personality factors on disease progression and health-related quality of life in people with ALS. Amyotroph Lateral Scler 2008, 9:99-107). eFranke GH: Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). Goettingen: Beltz; 2000. fLaux L, Glanzmann P, Schaffner P, Spielberger CD: Das State-Trait-Angstinventar (STAI). Weinheim: Beltz; 1981. gKupfer J, Brosig B, Braehler E: Toronto Alexithymie-Skala-26 (TAS-26). Goettingen: Hogrefe; 2001.