| n | Major depressive symptoms | Moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 score ≥ 10) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |  | Yes | No | P-value†| Yes | No | P-value†|
N | 2,439 | 68 | 2,371 | Â | 152 | 2,287 | Â |
Age (year) | Â | Â | Â | 0.009 | Â | Â | 0.019 |
   20-< 40 | 746 | 19.7 (3.6) | 32.5 (1.2) |  | 24.3 (2.8) | 32.6 (1.3) |  |
   40-< 60 | 886 | 69.3 (4.8) | 43.4 (1.5) |  | 57.0 (4.0) | 43.3 (1.5) |  |
   ≥ 60 | 807 | 11.0 (4.4) | 24.1 (2.1) |  | 18.7 (3.9) | 24.1 (2.1) |  |
Sex | Â | Â | Â | < 0.001 | Â | Â | 0.007 |
   Men | 1,325 | 30.9 (6.2) | 54.3 (0.8) |  | 40.8 (4.9) | 54.5 (0.9) |  |
   Women | 1,114 | 69.1 (6.2) | 45.7 (0.8) |  | 59.2 (4.9) | 45.5 (0.9) |  |
Race‡ |  |  |  | 0.249 |  |  | 0.152 |
   NH white | 1,215 | 69.0 (8.3) | 73.2 (2.9) |  | 68.1 (5.6) | 73.4 (3.0) |  |
   NH black | 589 | 17.5 (4.6) | 11.5 (2.0) |  | 16.7 (3.5) | 11.4 (2.0) |  |
   Other | 635 | 13.5 (5.2) | 15.3 (1.9) |  | 15.2 (4.1) | 15.2 (2.0) |  |
Education | Â | Â | Â | 0.144 | Â | Â | 0.020 |
< high school diploma | 628 | 21.6 (5.3) | 16.1 (1.6) | Â | 18.9 (3.3) | 16.1 (1.6) | Â |
high school graduate | 608 | 39.2 (7.6) | 25.6 (1.1) | Â | 37.7 (4.2) | 25.3 (1.1) | Â |
> high school diploma | 1,203 | 39.2 (7.2) | 58.2 (1.8) | Â | 43.4 (4.3) | 58.6 (1.8) | Â |
PIR§ |  |  |  | < 0.001 |  |  | < 0.001 |
   < 1 | 393 | 33.5 (5.9) | 9.5 (0.7) |  | 26.9 (2.5) | 9.1 (0.7) |  |
   1-< 3 | 987 | 45.9 (7.8) | 34.2 (2.1) |  | 45.7 (4.9) | 33.8 (2.1) |  |
   3-≤5 | 1,059 | 20.6 (6.9) | 56.3 (2.3) |  | 27.4 (4.0) | 57.1 (2.3) |  |
BMI (kg/m2) | Â | Â | Â | 0.037 | Â | Â | 0.008 |
   25-< 30 | 1,202 | 33.0 (5.9) | 49.1 (1.6) |  | 34.0 (4.8) | 49.6 (1.6) |  |
   ≥ 30 | 1,237 | 67.0 (5.9) | 50.9 (1.6) |  | 66.0 (4.8) | 50.4 (1.6) |  |
No. of chronic conditions** | Â | Â | Â | 0.014 | Â | Â | < 0.001 |
   0 | 966 | 20.6 (7.0) | 42.3 (1.6) |  | 23.2 (4.6) | 42.8 (1.5) |  |
   1 | 621 | 27.8 (9.0) | 26.8 (1.8) |  | 23.9 (5.3) | 27.0 (1.8) |  |
   2 | 401 | 26.0 (4.6) | 16.0 (1.0) |  | 20.1 (3.3) | 16.0 (1.0) |  |
   ≥ 3 | 451 | 25.7 (6.6) | 14.9 (1.4) |  | 32.8 (3.2) | 14.2 (1.4) |  |
Waist circumference (cm) | 2,439 | 110.5 (2.2) | 105.1 (0.5) | 0.022 | 109.1 (1.7) | 105.0 (0.5) | 0.019 |