SUSTAINED FAVORABLE LONG-TERM OUTCOME | |||
---|---|---|---|
Yes n = 157 | No n = 1478 | Univariate p value | |
SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHICS | |||
Age, mean (sd) | 42.09 (10.61) | 42.31 (11.00) | .8182 |
Male, n (%) | 77 (49.0) | 924 (62.5) | .0010 |
Race/ethnicity, n (%) | |||
Caucasian | 86 (54.8) | 800 (54.1) | .7398 |
African-American | 61 (38.9) | 538 (37.8) | |
Other | 10 (6.4) | 120 (8.1) | |
Single marital status, n (%) | 142 (91.0) | 1324 (90.2) | .7380 |
High school education or less, n (%) | 43 (27.6) | 508 (34.6) | .0774 |
Employed, n (%) | 66 (42.0) | 271 (18.4) | <.0001 |
Lack of health insurance, n (%) | 20 (12.7) | 78 (5.3) | .0002 |
Family history, n (%) | 80 (55.2) | 776 (56.7) | .7198 |
Supervised housing, n (%) | 24 (15.3) | 483 (33.2) | <.0001 |
DISEASE-RELATED AND SYMPTOMS | |||
Age at illness onset, mean (sd) | 21.50 (9.33) | 19.97 (8.70) | .0446 |
Depression, mean (sd) | 2.01 (0.88) | 2.41 (1.01) | <.0001 |
MADRS total score, mean (sd) | 9.89 (8.79) | 14.68 (10.26) | <.0001 |
PANSS positive (symptoma), mean (sd) | 14.89 (5.10) | 18.84 (6.08) | <.0001 |
PANSS negative (symptoma), mean (sd) | 14.10 (5.00) | 18.72 (6.18) | <.0001 |
PANSS hostility (symptoma), mean (sd) | 8.52 (3.40) | 10.99 (3.63) | <.0001 |
PANSS disorganized (symptoma), mean (sd) | 11.36 (3.51) | 13.92 (4.52) | <.0001 |
PANSS anxiety/depression (symptoma), mean (sd) | 9.02 (2.93) | 10.71 (3.41) | <.0001 |
Remission (PANSS), n (%) | 66 (43.1) | 293 (20.0) | <.0001 |
PANSS total score, mean (sd) | 57.79 (15.54) | 72.58 (18.22) | <.0001 |
PANSS Bell factor, mean (sd) | 11.22 (4.32) | 13.78 (5.01) | <.0001 |
Psychosis, mean (sd) | 1.63 (0.84) | 2.01 (1.05) | <.0001 |
Vitality, mean (sd) | 3.55 (1.17) | 3.19 (1.29) | .0008 |
FUNCTIONING/BEHAVIORS | |||
Daily activities, mean (sd) | 3.95 (0.95) | 3.30 (1.21) | <.0001 |
Leisure activities, mean (sd) | 3.18 (0.97) | 2.64 (1.19) | <.0001 |
Social activities, mean (sd) | 2.96 (0.98) | 2.62 (1.06) | .0001 |
Social relationships, mean (sd) | 3.17 (1.10) | 2.82 (1.23) | .0005 |
Arrestedc, n (%) | 4 (2.5) | 79 (5.4) | .1268 |
Violence, n (%) | |||
No thought of injuring anyone | 152 (96.8) | 1372 (93.1) | .0358 |
Thoughts of injuring someone | 0 | 60 (4.1) | |
Have injured someone | 5 (3.2) | 42 (2.8) | |
Victim of a crime, n (%) | 8 (5.1) | 166 (11.3) | .0170 |
Suicide thought/attempt, n (%) | 18 (11.5) | 249 (16.9) | .0789 |
Substance use, n (%) | 44 (28.0) | 386 (26.2) | .6262 |
Received helped with shopping, n (%) | 59 (37.6) | 840 (57.1) | <.0001 |
Received helped with leisure, n (%) | 28 (17.8) | 478 (32.5) | .0002 |
Received helped with household chores, n (%) | 70 (44.6) | 790 (53.6) | .0309 |
Received helped with paying bills, n (%) | 77 (49.0) | 899 (61.1) | .0035 |
Received helped with job search, n (%) | 29 (18.5) | 246 (16.8) | .5940 |
Received helped with getting benefits, n (%) | 39 (25.2) | 472 (32.1) | .0782 |
Received helped with legal issues, n (%) | 11 (7.1) | 142 (9.7) | .3046 |
General life satisfaction, mean (sd) | 5.02 (1.47) | 4.53 (1.59) | .0002 |
Satisfaction with basic needs, mean (sd) | 5.23 (1.04) | 4.71 (1.12) | <.0001 |
Satisfaction with social life, mean (sd) | 5.08 (0.85) | 4.57 (1.05) | <.0001 |
SF 12-Mental Health, mean (sd) | 45.22 (12.44) | 40.45 (13.34) | <.0001 |
SF 12-Physical Health, mean (sd) | 47.70 (11.29) | 45.17 (12.99) | .0192 |
Occupational role functioning (QLS 9), mean (sd) | 3.15 (1.88) | 1.76 (1.73) | <.0001 |
Level of accomplishment (QLS 10), mean (sd) | 3.86 (1.61) | 2.23 (1.77) | <.0001 |
Mean QLS total, mean (sd) | 3.71 (1.06) | 2.74 (1.01) | <.0001 |
Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), mean (sd) | 52.59 (13.74) | 40.48 (12.09) | <.0001 |
Overall impression of general health (good/very good/excellent), n (%) | 116 (73.9) | 885 (60.2) | .0008 |
Productivity, n (%) | 138 (87.9) | 916 (62.1) | <.0001 |
MEDICATION ADHERENCE | |||
Medication possession ratio < .80, n (%) | 21 (13.9) | 140 (9.9) | .1274 |
Non-adherence, n (%) | 6 (3.9) | 110 (7.6) | .0909 |
MEDICATION-EMERGENT EVENTS | |||
AIMS total, mean (sd) | 2.28 (3.16) | 3.52 (4.20) | .0005 |
Simpson-Angus totald, mean (sd) | 2.93 (3.41) | 4.61 (4.20) | <.0001 |
Patient-reported clearer thoughts from medication, mean (sd) | 3.74 (1.19) | 3.22 (1.35) | <.0001 |
Medication effects, mean (sd) | 1.83 (0.63) | 2.07 (0.75) | .0001 |
Restlessness, mean (sd) | 1.68 (1.13) | 1.87 (1.17) | .0533 |
Tardive dyskinesia, n (%) | 33 (22.1) | 489 (34.3) | .0027 |
CONCOMITANT MEDICATION | |||
Mood stabilizers, n (%) | 35 (22.7) | 469 (32.3) | .0145 |
Antidepressants, n (%) | 58 (37.7) | 573 (39.5) | .6541 |
Antiparkinsonians, n (%) | 64 (41.6) | 672 (46.3) | .2571 |
Anti-anxiety medications, n (%) | 12 (7.8) | 171 (11.8) | .1376 |
HEALTHCARE RESOURCE UTILIZATION | |||
Emergency service use b (acute care service), n (%) | 11 (7.0) | 174 (11.8) | .0711 |
Psychiatric hospitalization (acute care service) (past 4 weeks), n (%) | 7 (4.5) | 134 (9.1) | .0494 |
Number of hospitalizations (6 months), mean (sd) | 0.13 (0.36) | 0.31 (0.66) | .0010 |
Total number of days hospitalized (6 months), mean (sd) | 2.29 (13.84) | 5.82 (21.58) | .0453 |
Psychiatric hospitalizations (1-year), n (%) | 34 (21.8) | 509 (34.8) | .0011 |
Crisis call | 2 (1.3) | 73 (5.0) | .0362 |
Case Management d, n (%) | 5 (50.0) | 190 (68.6) | .2158 |
Individual therapy, n (%) | 139 (89.1) | 1378 (94.1) | .0145 |