Table 2 Demographic and clinical characteristics of study subjects (N = 10,275)*
Characteristic | Â | Â |
|---|---|---|
   Age, years |  |  |
   < 18 | 1,114 | (10.8) |
   18-44 | 5,506 | (53.6) |
   45-54 | 2,176 | (21.2) |
   55-64 | 1,363 | (13.3) |
   ≥ 65 | 116 | (1.1) |
   Mean (SD) | 37.7 | (14.9) |
Female | 6,155 | (59.9) |
Comorbidities | Â | Â |
   Mental disorders |  |  |
Other anxiety disorders | 1,813 | (17.6) |
Depressive disorders | 3,885 | (37.8) |
Bipolar disorder | 63 | (0.6) |
Tension headache | 114 | (1.1) |
Personality disorders | 101 | (1.0) |
Alcohol abuse/alcoholism | 19 | (0.2) |
Drug abuse | 132 | (1.3) |
Suicide attempts | 97 | (0.9) |
   Sleep disorders | 1,134 | (11.0) |
   Neoplasms | 252 | (2.5) |
   Diabetes | 396 | (3.9) |
   Migraine | 414 | (4.0) |
   Ischemic heart disease | 280 | (2.7) |
   Cerebrovascular disease | 138 | (1.3) |
   Asthma | 664 | (6.5) |
   Painful neuropathic disorders | 964 | (9.4) |
   Symptoms, signs, and ill- defined conditions |  |  |
Fatigue | 1,690 | (16.4) |
Headache | 974 | (9.5) |
Chest pain | 1,431 | (13.9) |
Abdominal pain | 1,552 | (15.1) |
Anxiety- related symptoms | 1,627 | (15.8) |
Any symptoms, signs, and ill- defined conditions | 4,692 | (45.7) |
Pretreatment healthcare costs, $ | Â | Â |
   Mean (SD) | 4,812 | (10,006) |
   Median (IQR) | 2,118 | (896,4,975) |
Region | Â | Â |
   Northeast | 3,165 | (30.8) |
   South | 1,621 | (15.8) |
   West | 1,858 | (18.1) |
   Midwest | 3,631 | (35.3) |
Payer type | Â | Â |
   HMO | 2,971 | (28.9) |
   PPO | 4,733 | (46.1) |
   Indemnity | 554 | (5.4) |
   Other | 283 | (2.8) |