Table 1 Demographic characteristics of study sample who had screened for depression by PHQ-9 and CES-D and Clinical Interview
From: Comparison of the CES-D and PHQ-9 depression scales in people with type 2 diabetes in Tehran, Iran
characteristic | Total sample | Clinical interview | PHQ-9 | CES-D (score ≥ = 16) | CES-D (score ≥ = 22) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 185 (%) | MDD n = 80 | No MDD n = 105 | P | MDD n = 88 | No MDD n = 97 | P | MDD n = 114 | No MDD n = 71 | P | MDD n = 90 | No MDD n = 95 | P | |
Gender | |||||||||||||
Male | 89(48.1) | 33(41.2) | 56(53.3) | P = 0.10 | 30(34.1) | 59(60.8) | P < 0.001 | 42(36.8) | 47(66.2) | P < 0.001 | 31( 34.4) | 58(61.1) | P < 0.001 |
Female | 96(51.9) | 47(58.8) | 49(46.7) | 58(65.9) | 38(39.2) | 72(63.2) | 24(33.8) | 59(65.6) | 37(38.9) | ||||
Education | |||||||||||||
< 8 grades | 100(54.1) | 43(53.8) | 57(54.3) | P = 0.94 | 54(61.4) | 46(47.4) | P = 0.05 | 66(57.9) | 34(47.9) | P = 0.18 | 53(58.9) | 47(49.5) | P = 0.19 |
≥ 8grades | 85(45.9) | 37(46.2) | 48(45.7) | 34(38.6) | 51(52.6) | 48(42.1) | 37(52.1) | 37(41.1) | 48(50.5) | ||||
Insurance | |||||||||||||
Yes | 168(92.3) | 74(93.7) | 94(91.3) | P = 0.54 | 80(90.9) | 88(93.6) | P = 0.49 | 104(92.9) | 64(91.4) | P = 0.72 | 83(92.2) | 85(92.4) | P = 0.96 |
No | 14(7.7) | 5(6.3) | 9(8.7) | 8(9.1) | 6(6.4) | 8(7.1) | 6(8.6) | 7(7.8) | 7(7.6) | ||||
Medication | |||||||||||||
Oral | 121(67.6) | 50(64.9) | 71(69.6) | P = 0.36 | 54(62.1) | 67(72.8) | P = 0.30 | 74(66.1) | 47(70.1) | P = 0.83 | 54(60.7) | 67(74.4) | P = 0.14 |
Insulin | 25(14) | 14(18.2) | 11(10.8) | 14(16.1) | 11(12.0) | 16(14.3) | 9(13.4) | 15(16.9) | 10(11.1) | ||||
Oral & Insulin | 34(18.4) | 13(16.9) | 20(19.6) | 19(21.8) | 14(15.2) | 22(19.6) | 11(16.4) | 20(22.5) | 13(14.4) | ||||
Family income | |||||||||||||
low | 95(51.4) | 43(53.8) | 52(49.5) | P = 0.56 | 49(55.7) | 46(47.4) | P = 0.26 | 63(55.3) | 32(45.1) | P = 0.17 | 49(54.4) | 46(48.4) | P = 0.41 |
middle-high | 90(48.6) | 37(46.2) | 53(50.5) | 39(44.3) | 51(52.6) | 51(44.7) | 39(54.9) | 41(45.6) | 49(51.6) | ||||
Age (mean ± SD) | 56.17 ± 9.60 | 54.38 ± 9.16 | 57.53 ± 9.74 | P = 0.02 | 54.88 ± 10.13 | 57.34 ± 8.98 | P = 0.08 | 55.87 ± 10.31 | 56.65 ± 8.37 | P = 0.59 | 55.14 ± 10.32 | 57.14 ± 8.81 | P = 0.15 |
HbA1C | 8.10 ± 1.92 | 8.14 ± 1.98 | 8.06 ± 1.89 | P = 0.80 | 8.32 ± 2.01 | 7.91 ± 1.84 | P = 0.18 | 8.25 ± 1.99 | 7.86 ±1.79 | P = 0.21 | 8.26 ± 2.01 | 7.95 ± 1.84 | P = 0.32 |
BMI | 28.33 ± 4.72 | 28.52 ± 4.33 | 28.20 ± 5.00 | P = 0.68 | 28.55 ± 4.56 | 28.16 ± 4.87 | P = 0.60 | 28.60 ± 4.68 | 27.92 ± 4.80 | P = 0.38 | 28.58 ± 4.35 | 28.12 ± 5.03 | P = 0.55 |
Diabetes duration (year ± SD ) | 9.83 ± 7.38 | 11.02 ± 7.26 | 8.93 ± 7.37 | P = 0.05 | 9.22 ± 6.93 | 10.38 ± 7.75 | P = 0.29 | 9.91 ± 7.06 | 9.70 ± 7.91 | P = 0.85 | 9.77 ± 6.87 | 9.88 ± 7.86 | P = 0.91 |