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Table 1 Characteristics of clients with and without return to the criminal justice system during follow-up

From: Risk factors for criminal recidivism – a prospective follow-up study in prisoners with substance abuse

 

Clients relapsing, n (%)

Clients not relapsing, n (%)

 

n = 2,862

n = 1,290

Demographic data

Mean age (yrs)

33.3

33.8

Male gender

2,607 (91)

1,133 (88)

Homelessness last 30 days

742 (26)

197 (15)

Lifetime history of psychiatric problems

Hospitalization

493 (17)

169 (13)

Suicide attempt

687 (24)

269 (21)

Depression

1,472 (51)

668 (52)

Anxiety

1,583 (55)

704 (55)

Cognitive problems

1,646 (58)

686 (53)

Hallucinations

413 (14)

162 (13)

Difficulty controlling violent behaviour

1,347 (47)

500 (39)

Lifetime history of substance use (>6 months)

Amphetamine, heroin and/or injection drug use

- none

604 (21)

499 (39)

- injecting, no heroin/amphetamine

77 (3)

34 (3)

- heroin use, no injecting

69 (2)

39 (3)

- heroin use, injecting

143 (5)

44 (3)

- amphetamine use, no injecting

430 (15)

249 (19)

- amphetamine, injecting

1,050 (37)

297 (23)

- heroin and amphetamine, no injecting

50 (2)

19 (1)

- heroin and amphetamine, injecting

439 (15)

109 (8)

Binge drinking

1,307 (46)

590 (46)

Other opioids than heroin/methadone

438 (15)

177 (14)

Sedatives

1,070 (37)

405 (31)

Cocaine

455 (16)

225 (17)

Cannabis

1,815 (63)

762 (59)

Hallucinogenic drugs

365 (13)

167 (13)

Number of substance types used last 30 days (0–6)

0

280 (10)

224 (17)

1

965 (34)

485 (38)

2

825 (29)

287 (22)

3

499 (17)

197 (15)

4

227 (8)

69 (5)

5

60 (2)

22 (2)

6

6 (0)

6 (0)

Mean number of substance types

1.87

1.61

Duration of index sentence (mean number of days)

−99

427 (15)

104 (8)

100-199

838 (29)

237 (18)

200-299

539 (19)

187 (14)

300-399

310 (11)

153 (12)

400-499

195 (7)

95 (7)

500-599

153 (5)

84 (7)

600-699

96 (3)

72 (6)

700-799

88 (3)

83 (6)

800-899

55 (2)

47 (4)

900-999

48 (2)

43 (3)

1000-

113 (4)

185 (14)

Mean duration of index sentence (days)

326

541

Main crime in index verdict

Violent crime

395 (14)

283 (22)

Property crime

976 (34)

256 (20)

Drug crime

814 (28)

501 (39)