Table 1 Summary of the variables included in the analysis, and differences between individuals reporting chronic whiplash and individuals not reporting chronic whiplash
Covariates | Chronic whiplash N = 403 | No chronic whiplash N = 13,583 | P-value (Chi-square test) | All N = 13,986 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Female | 58.3% | 53.9% | 0.079 | 54.0% |
Anxiety | 24.1% | 17.6% | 0.001 | 17.8% |
Depression | 14.6% | 9.6% | 0.001 | 9.8% |
Sleep quality | <0.001 | |||
Good | 37.0% | 42.6% | 42.4% | |
Bad | 17.9% | 11.1% | 11.4% | |
Not asked | 45.2% | 46.3% | 46.3% | |
Education | 0.119 | |||
Compulsory only | 13.7% | 17.5% | 17.4% | |
High School | 46.9% | 45.7% | 45.7% | |
University | 39.5% | 36.8% | 36.9% | |
Benefit recipiency | 28.3% | 13.0% | <0.001 | 13.4% |
Sickness benefit | 10.9% | 4.6% | 4.7% | |
Occupational habilitation | 3.5% | 1.1% | 1.1% | |
Disability pension | 11.9% | 3.3% | 3.6% | |
Social benefit | 1.5% | 0.5% | 0.6% | |
Unemployment benefit | 2.5% | 1.6% | 1.7% | |
Dependents’ pension | 0.5% | 0.7% | 0.7% | |
Other | 2.7% | 2.6% | 2.6% | |
Physical activity | 0.369 | |||
None | 17.4% | 15.5% | 15.6% | |
Easy | 38.7% | 41.9% | 41.8% | |
Heavy | 43.9% | 42.5% | 42.6% | |
Alcohol consumption | 0.838 | |||
No consumption | 27.1% | 28.3% | 28.3% | |
Moderate consumption | 67.5% | 66.1% | 66.1% | |
Heavy consumption | 5.5% | 5.6% | 5.6% | |
Daily smoking | 37.5% | 35.5% | 0.416 | 35.6% |
Somatic diagnoses >0 | 11.9% | 8.1% | 0.006 | 8.2% |
Marital status | 0.090 | |||
Not married | 11.2% | 12.7% | 12.6% | |
Married | 71.5% | 74.6% | 74.5% | |
Separated | 3.0% | 2.4% | 2.4% | |
Divorced | 13.7% | 9.7% | 9.8% | |
Widow/Widower | 0.7% | 0.7% | 0.7% | |
Mean somatisation >2 | 43.2% | 21.4% | <0.001 | 22.1% |