Disaster exposure as a risk factor for mental health problems, eighteen months, four and ten years post-disaster – a longitudinal study

Table 2 Associations between degree of disaster exposure and symptoms of distress at waves 2 and 3 ^a

	Symptoms of distress at wave 2						Symptoms of distress at wave 3
	Model 1:			Model 2:			Model 1:			Model 2:			Model 3:
	Disaster-related factors			Disaster-related factors and symptoms distress and PTSD at wave 1			Disaster-related factors			Disaster-related factors and symptoms distress and PTSD at wave 1			Disaster-related factors and symptoms of distress and PTSD at waves 1 and 2
	B	SE	P	B	SE	P	B	SE	P	B	SE	P	B	SE	P
Intercept	46.03	12.85	< .01	47.37	11.70	< .01	41.22	13.06	< .01	43.35	12.18	< .01	12.37	9.92	n.s.
Degree of disaster exposure	5.43	0.65	< .001	0.39	0.71	n.s.	5.16	0.68	< .01	0.81	0.75	n.s.	0.46	0.60	n.s.
Symptoms of distress at wave 1				0.58	0.44	< .01				0.49	0.04	< .01	0.07	0.05	n.s.
Symptoms of PTSD at wave 1				−0.14	0.12	n.s.				−0.07	0.13	n.s.	0.0001	0.09	n.s.
Symptoms of distress at wave 2													0.70	0.05	< .01
Symptoms of PTSD at wave 2													0.12	0.13	n.s.

^a Multiple regression analysis, adjusted for sex, age, ethnicity, employment status, educational level, smoking/non-smoking and number of chronic diseases. N.s. = not significant.
Model 1, wave 2: Pooled R-Squared = 0.289, Pooled R-Squared C.I. = [0.234, 0.345].
Model 2, wave 2: Pooled R-Squared = 0.51, Pooled R-Squared C.I. = [0.468, 0.551].
Model 1, wave 3: Pooled R-Squared = 0.301, Pooled R-Squared C.I. = [0.249, 0.353].
Model 2, wave 3: Pooled R-Squared = 0.454, Pooled R-Squared C.I. = [0.405, 0.501].
Model 3, wave 3: Pooled R-Squared = 0.7, Pooled R-Squared C.I. = [0.648, 0.746].

ISSN: 1471-244X