Symptoms of PTSD at wave 2 | Symptoms of PTSD at wave 3 | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1: | Model 2: | Model 1: | Model 2: | Model 3: | |||||||||||
disaster-related factors | Disaster-related factors and symptoms distress and PTSD at wave 1 | Disaster-related factors | Disaster-related factors and symptoms distress and PTSD at wave 1 | Disaster-related factors and symptoms of distress and PTSD at waves 1 and 2 | |||||||||||
B | SE | P | B | SE | P | B | SE | P | B | SE | P | B | SE | P | |
Intercept | 4.94 | 2.31 | n.s. | −9.71 | 2.56 | <.01 | −5.71 | 2.67 | n.s. | −18.30 | 2.75 | < .05 | −14.80 | 2.73 | < .05 |
House destroyed | 5.44 | 1.25 | < .01 | 3.19 | 1.20 | <.05 | 5.66 | 1.27 | < .05 | 3.73 | 1.25 | < .05 | 2.03 | 1.05 | n.s. |
Injury self | 2.27 | 2.11 | n.s. | 0.92 | 1.93 | n.s. | 2.86 | 2.05 | n.s. | 1.70 | 1.94 | n.s. | 0.90 | 2.00 | n.s. |
Lost a loved one | 2.41 | 2.22 | n.s. | 0.82 | 2.04 | n.s. | 3.72 | 2.08 | n.s. | 2.39 | 1.92 | n.s. | 1.84 | 1.51 | n.s. |
Witnessed injured victims | 2.54 | 1.30 | n.s. | 2.51 | 1.19 | n.s. | 2.98 | 1.29 | n.s. | 2.94 | 1.23 | n.s. | 1.58 | 1.02 | n.s. |
Witnessed deceased victims | 3.56 | 1.74 | n.s. | 2.00 | 1.61 | n.s. | −0.04 | 2.12 | n.s. | −1.35 | 1.98 | n.s. | −2.17 | 1.77 | n.s. |
Heard yelling individuals | 1.17 | 1.39 | n.s. | 0.18 | 1.36 | n.s. | 1.76 | 1.28 | n.s. | 0.93 | 1.17 | n.s. | 0.81 | 1.03 | n.s. |
Felt heart palpitations | 4.26 | 1.20 | <.01 | 1.5 | 1.08 | n.s. | 2.14 | 1.10 | n.s. | −0.19 | 1.05 | n.s. | −0.92 | 0.90 | n.s. |
Felt intense anxiety | 0.60 | 1.32 | n.s. | −0.78 | 1.24 | n.s. | 1.26 | 1.25 | n.s. | 0.11 | 1.14 | n.s. | 0.48 | 0.96 | n.s. |
Fled from explosions and/or fire | −2.74 | 1.11 | < .05 | −1.6 | 1.01 | n.s. | −1.95 | 1.18 | n.s. | −0.97 | 1.08 | n.s. | −0.13 | 0.92 | n.s. |
Helped affected victims | 1.73 | 1.09 | n.s. | 0.98 | 0.99 | n.s. | 2.86 | 1.06 | < .05 | 2.26 | 0.97 | n.s. | 1.71 | 0.81 | n.s. |
Felt feelings of guilt and/or shame | 7.60 | 1.83 | < .01 | 2.96 | 1.62 | n.s. | 6.87 | 2.49 | < .05 | 2.89 | 2.42 | n.s. | 1.45 | 2.28 | n.s. |
Confusion | 5.15 | 1.16 | < .01 | −1.40 | 1.24 | n.s. | 4.31 | 1.15 | < .05 | −1.23 | 1.26 | n.s. | −0.35 | 1.25 | n.s |
Symptoms of distress at wave 1 | 0.1 | 0.01 | < .01 | 0.09 | 0.01 | < .05 | 0.02 | 0.02 | n.s | ||||||
Symptoms of PTSD at wave 1 | 0.26 | 0.04 | < .01 | 0.21 | 0.05 | < .05 | 0.08 | 0.04 | n.s. | ||||||
Symptoms of distress at wave 2 | 0.03 | 0.01 | n.s. | ||||||||||||
Symptoms of PTSD at wave 2 | 0.51 | 0.04 | < .05 |