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Table 1 Differences between healthy controls and adults with ADHD on head and lower extremity movements

From: Hyperactivity persists in male and female adults with ADHD and remains a highly discriminative feature of the disorder: a case-control study

Measures

Controls mean

ADHDmean

ANCOVA* Group F

Effect Size Cohens d'

ROC Area

 

[95% CI]

[95% CI]

†q value

[95% CI]

[95% CI]

Head Movements

Immobility duration (sec)

0.42

0.18

14.97

0.85

0.77

 

[0.33–0.50]

[0.16–0.21]

p<0.0003

[0.71–1.21]

[0.68–0.86]

Microevents

1283

2255

19.36

1.00

0.79

 

[1055–1511]

[1907–2603]

p<0.00004

[0.64–1.34]

[0.70–0.88]

Displacement (m)

2.25

3.94

11.65

0.73

0.79

 

[1.62–2.89]

[3.28–4.59]

p<0.001

[0.31–1.35]

[0.70–0.88]

Area (cm2)

65.02

145.6

24.09

0.98

0.82

 

[45.38–84.66]

[116.6–174.7]

p<10-5

[0.56–1.50]

[0.74–0.90]

Spatial Complexity

1.31

1.11

25.71

1.08

0.85

 

[1.25–1.37]

[1.09–1.13]

p<10-5

[0.92–1.52]

[0.78–0.93]

Temporal Scaling

0.41

0.63

12.58

0.83

0.72

 

[0.34–0.49]

[0.56–0.71]

p<0.0007

[0.44–1.25]

[0.63–0.82]

Shin Movements

Immobility duration (sec)

4.84

0.74

29.62

1.10

0.88

 

[3.60–6.08]

[0.53–0.94]

p<10-5

[0.99–1.50]

[0.81–0.95]

Microevents

250.7

1048.4

23.69

1.01

0.88

 

[149.6–351.8]

[680.4–1416.5]

p<10-5

[0.71–1.27]

[0.81–0.94]

Displacement (m)

0.44

1.93

22.42

0.96

0.88

 

[0.21–0.67]

[1.23–2.64]

p<0.00002

[0.64–1.22]

[0.81–0.95]

Area (cm2)

12.65

45.36

27.09

1.05

0.88

 

[6.32–18.99]

[32.79–57.92]

p<10-5

[0.62–1.60]

[0.82–0.95]

Spatial Complexity

2.22

1.33

44.44

1.45

0.87

 

[2.02–2.42]

[1.26–1.40]

p<10-7

[1.26–1.95]

[0.80–0.94]

Temporal Scaling

0.07

0.49

57.25

1.60

0.88

 

[−0.001–0.14]

[0.42–0.57]

p<10-9

[1.26–2.11]

[0.81–0.95]

  1. *Main effect of group. Effects of Age and Gender were not significant for any measure after correction for multiple comparisons.
  2. †q value = p value adjusted for multiple comparisons using the False Discovery Rate method of Benjamini and Hochberg.