Impaired pitch identification as a potential marker for depression

BMC Psychiatry

Table 2 Pitch perception and motivation in depressive patients and non-depressive controls

	Depressives N = 12	Controls N = 12	Difference	t/Z^a	p
	M ± SD	M ± SD	M ± SD
Accuracy
Pitch identification	23.7 ± 10.6	31.4 ± 6.0	−7.6 ± 12.0	−2.1	0.040*
Pitch contour percept.	27.5 ± 10.1	23.9 ± 11.4	3.5 ± 17.3	0.8	0.426
Pitch discrimination	26.6 ± 13.7	25.3 ± 11.5	1.3 ± 18.2	0.2	0.799
Reaction time (ms)
Pitch identification	1013 ± 234	954 ± 125	58 ± 290	0.7	0.453
Pitch contour percept.	932 ± 224	930 ± 232	1 ± 341	0.1	0.987
Pitch discrimination	864 ± 230	794 ± 175	69 ± 291	0.8	0.413
Responsiveness
Pitch identification	51.7 ± 12.9	58.0 ± 1.9	−6.2 ± 13.8	−0.2^a	0.785
Pitch contour percept.	48.0 ± 16.7	40.0 ± 17.9	8.0 ± 28.1	1.1	0.266
Pitch discrimination	44.9 ± 19.1	42.6 ± 20.9	2.2 ± 32.3	0.2	0.786
Self-rated motivation	7.9 ± 1.4	8.0 ± 1.5	−0.1 ± 1.9	−0.2^a	0.859

Accuracy = correct responses. Responsiveness = correct plus incorrect responses. Degree of freedom = 22. ^a non-parametric Mann–Whitney U-test because of a ceiling effect. *p < 0.050.

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