Table 2 Sleep timing measures, Mean (SD), Change values and Effect Sizes
Pre | Post | Fu3 | Change Pre to Post | Change Pre to Fu3 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (95% CI) | Effect size (d)a | Mean (95% CI) | Effect size (d) | |
Sleep Onset Latency, minutes | |||||||
Bibliotherapy with support (n = 44) | 60.3 (41.0) | 24.9 (17.0) | 33.5 (22.6) | -35.4 (-46.6 to -24.2) | -1.13 | -26.8 (-39.0 to -14.5) | -0.81 |
Bibliotherapy (n = 45) | 65.7 (45.1) | 45.1 (32.2) | 43.0 (28.4) | -20.6 (-30.6 to -10.6) | -0.53 | -22.7 (-34.8 to -10.5) | -0.60 |
Wait-list control (n = 43) | 66.9 (42.1) | 62.2 (42.4) | 62.4 (45.1) | -4.6 (-10.7 to 1.5) | -0.11 | -4.5 (-12.0 to 3.0) | -0.10 |
Wake After Sleep Onset, minutes | |||||||
Bibliotherapy with support (n = 44) | 53.6 (40.4) | 17.0 (16.8) | 26.8 (29.3) | -36.5 (-47.7 to -25.4) | -1.18 | -26.8 (-38.9 to -14.6) | -0.76 |
Bibliotherapy (n = 45) | 47.5 (33.6) | 32.0 (27.0) | 30.2 (28.7) | -15.6 (-24.6 to -6.5) | -0.51 | -17.4 (-26.6 to -8.2) | -0.55 |
Wait-list control (n = 43) | 36.9 (29.5) | 30.4 (28.9) | 25.3 (25.0) | -6.5 (-12.5 to -0.4) | -0.22 | -11.6 (-19.4 to -3.7) | -0.42 |
Total Sleep Time, hours | |||||||
Bibliotherapy with support (n = 44) | 5.56 (1.44) | 6.07 (1.02) | 6.52 (0.95) | 0.51 (0.20 to 0.83) | 0.41 | 0.97 (0.56 to 1.37) | 0.79 |
Bibliotherapy (n = 45) | 5.73 (0.89) | 6.22 (1.02) | 6.46 (0.96) | 0.49 (0.26 to 0.73) | 0.51 | 0.73 (0.46 to 1.00) | 0.79 |
Wait-list control (n = 43) | 6.40 (1.09) | 6.55 (1.26) | 6.74 (1.11) | 0.14 (-0.14 to 0.42) | 0.13 | 0.34 (0.09 to 0.59) | 0.31 |
Sleep Efficiency, % | |||||||
Bibliotherapy with support (n = 44) | 67.1 (15.5) | 85.4 (6.8) | 83.3 (8.3) | 18.3 (14.4 to 22.2) | 1.53 | 16.2 (11.7 to 20.6) | 1.30 |
Bibliotherapy (n = 45) | 68.3 (11.1) | 76.4 (10.9) | 78.4 (9.8) | 8.1 (5.8 to 10.3) | 0.74 | 10.1 (7.6 to 12.6) | 0.96 |
Wait-list control (n = 43) | 71.5 (11.2) | 74.5 (11.5) | 76.1 (10.5) | 3.0 (0.5 to 5.4) | 0.27 | 4.5 (1.8 to 7.2) | 0.42 |