Demographic and Clinical characteristics | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |  | Coercive experience |  | |||
Variable | N* | Group 1 Seclusion only | Group 2 Involuntary medication only | Group 3 Combined Seclusion & medication | Group 4 Combined Seclusion & mechanical restraint | P |
N = 62 | N = 18 | N = 34 | N = 11** |  | ||
N (%)/Mean (SD) | N (%)/Mean (SD) | N (%)/Mean (SD) | N (%)/Mean (SD) | Â | ||
Male gender | 125 | 36(58%) | 11(61%) | 24(71%) | 10(91%) | 0.2 |
Mean age | 125 | 36(12) | 38(13) | 39(13) | 35(15) | 0.6 |
Married status: single | 118 | 45(48%) | 15(16%) | 25(27%) | 9 (10%) | 0.7 |
Ethnicity | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
1st & 2nd generation immigrants | 120 | 13(22%) | 5(28%) | 7(22%) | 3(27%) | 0.9 |
Legal status upon admission | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Involuntary commitment | 119 | 37(65%) | 12(67%) | 24(73%) | 9(82%) | 0.7 |
Coercive experience during previous admissions | 106 | 19(36%) | 2(13%) | 17(63%) | 5(46%) | 0.01¹ |
Patients and their diagnosis*** | 119 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Psychotic disorder | 46 | 16(27%) | 7(39%) | 17(53%) | 6(60%) | 0.045 2 |
Mood disorder | 39 | 20(34%) | 6(33%) | 12(38%) | 1(10%) | 0.4 |
Personality disorder | 14 | 5(9%) | 6(33%) | 3(9%) | 0 | - |
Addiction | 31 | 19(32%) | 5(28%) | 4(13%) | 3(30%) | 0.2 |
PTSD | 5 | 3(5%) | 0 | 2(6%) | 0 | - |
Oral (versus intramuscular) administration of medication | 52 | X | 14(78%) | 12(43%) | 2(50%) | 0.08 |
Level of coercion at the start of the measure | 115 | 3.6(3) | 3(3) | 4.8(3) | 5.8(3.8) | 0.08 |
Mean duration seclusion episode in hours**** | 105 | 21(31) | X | 31(38) | 65(67) | 0.13 |
Mean score GAF | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Pre-measurement | 125 | 44 (9) | 41 (9) | 41 (11) | 35 (12) | 0.03 3 |
Post-measurement | 122 | 60(16) | 54(16) | 54(14) | 54(20) | 0.2 |
Change score**** | 122 | 16(14) | 12(15) | 14(15) | 19(20) | 0.3 |
Mean score Uncooperativeness (PANSS) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Pre-measurement***** | 125 | 5(1.5) | 5(1.5) | 6(1.4) | 6(1) | 0.001 4 |
Post-measurement | 119 | 3(1) | 4(2) | 3(2) | 4(2) | 0.4 |
Change score | 119 | −1.7(1.7) | −1(1.9) | −2.5(2) | −2(2) | 0.1 |
Mean score Lack of judgment and Insight (PANSS) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Pre-measurement***** | 125 | 5(1.5) | 5(1.5) | 6(1.6) | 6(0.9) | 0.001 5 |
Post-measurement | 119 | 3.5(1) | 4.3(1.9) | 4.2(1.7) | 4.8(1.6) | 0.03 |
Change score | 119 | −1.2(1.5) | -.9(1.7) | −1.6(1.7) | −1.4(1.8) | 0.5 |
Mean score SDAS | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Pre-measurement | 125 | 18(9) | 18(7) | 21(8) | 22(10) | 0.2 |
Post-measurement**** | 119 | 7(7) | 11(9) | 8(8) | 10(12) | 0.5 |
Change score | 119 | −11(9) | −7(9) | −13(9) | −14(9) | 0.1 |