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Table 1 Distribution of the included studies in the different cognitive domains

From: Cognitive deficits in schizophrenia: an updated metanalysis of the scientific evidence

         Measures of Memory Efficiency

              Digit Span

Altshuler (2004)b; Baldeweg (2004); Bora (2008)b; Braff (1991)b; Braw (2005)a;b; Brebion (2001) a; Broerse (2001); Buckley (1994); Cadenhead (1999); Cantor-Graae (1995); Cavézian (2007); Clare (1993); Crespo- Facorro (1999)a; Egan (2001)b; Frith (1991); Goldberg (1990); Gras-Vincendon (1994); Hartman (2003)a; Henry (2007)b; Hill (2004)a; Hoff (1998); Holthausen (2003)a; Joyce (2002)b; Katz (2007); Kiefer (2002)a; Kopelowicz (2005)a;b; Kravariti (2003)a; Lanser (2002)a; Michel (1998); Minzenberg (2003)b; Mulholland (2008)a; Nestor (1998)a; Neufeld (1995)a; Niekawa (2007); Park S (1995)b; Perlstein (2001)b; Rodriguez-Sànchez (2007); Roesch-Ely (2009)a; Ross (2000)b; Silver (2003); Soriano (2009)b; Stone (1998)a; Stratta (1999 a)a; Tek (2002)b; Van Erp (2008)b; Weiss (2002)b; Woonings (2002)a.

Achim (2007); Alptekin (2005); Baldeweg (2004); Bertrand (2007); Birkett (2006); Brébion (2001)a; Brissos (2008); Buckley (1994); Burbridge (2007); Cohen (1999); Conklin (2002); Deep (2007); Fucetola (2000); Javitt (1997); Kiefer (2002)a; Kircker (2001); Kurachi (1994); Leonard (2008); Matsui (2008); Minzenberg (2003)b; Papageorgiou (2003); Rodriguez-Sànchez (2007); Roiser (2009); Schuepbach (2004); Silver (2003); Stirling (2006); Stone (1998)a; Thomas (1996); Waters (2006); Weiler (2009); Wood (2006).

 

LTM

 

Barrantes-Vidal (2007); Birkett (2006); Brazo (2002); Buckley (1994); Conklin (2002); Davidson (1996); Deep (2007); Dickinson (2004); Dragovic (2005); Evans (2003); Fucetola (2000); Gonzàlez-Blanch (2008); Green (1985); Gur (2001); Harvey (1988); Harvey (2000); Heinrichs (2008); Hill (2004b); Hoff (2005); Huges (2002); Kerns (2007); Kiang (2007); Kim (2003); Kravariti (2003); Leeson (2005); Leonard (2008); MacDonald (2003); Manning (2009); Menzies (2007); Michel (1998); Midorikawa (2008); Müller (2004); Nestor (1998); Ohrmann (2008); Pino (2008); Riley (2000); Schmand (1992); Schuepbach (2004); Seidman (2003); Skelley (2008); Tendolkar (2002); Van Beilen (2004); Wang (2008); Wilk (2002); Wood (2006).

STM

 

Achim (2007); Arango (1999); Barch (2008); Barrantes-Vidal (2007); Birkett (2006); Brebion (2004); Brissos (2008); Cellard (2010); Chey (2002); Cosman (2009); Danion (2001); Dickinson (2004); Dragovic (2005); Fucetola (2000); Goldberg (1998); Gonzàlez-Blanch (2008); Gooding (2002); Gras-Vincendon (1994); Gur (2001); Harvey (1990); Hazlett (2000); Hill (2004b); Hoff (1992); Hoff (1998); Hoff (2005); Huddy (2009); Huges (2002); Keefe (2004); Kerns (2007); Kiang (2007); Kim (2003); Kopelowicz (2005); Landro (1993); Leeson (2005); Leonard (2008); MacDonald (2003); Manning (2009); Midorikawa (2008); Muller (2004); Nestor (1998); Ohrmann (2008); Palmer (2010); Pino (2008); Riley (2000); Schuepbach (2004); Seidman (2003); Skelley (2008); Snyder (2008); Tendolkar (2002); Van Den Bosch (1992); Verdoux (1995); Wang (2008); Weickert (2000); Wexler (1998); Wilk (2002); Wood (2006).

 
 

Global Cognitive Functioning

 

Achim (2007); Aloia (1998) a; Baas (2008); Badcock (2005); Badcock (2008); Barch (2008) b; Barrantes-Vidal (2007) b; Bell (2009); Bertrand (2007); Besche (1997)a; Bora (2008) b; Braff (1991)b; Brazo (2002)b; Brazo (2005) b; Brisson (2008); Burbridge (2007) b; Cadenhead (1999); Cellard (2007)a; b; Cellard (2010); Chen (2008) b; Conklin (2002) a; Conklin (2005); Cuesta (2007); Danion (2001)b; Deep (2007) b; Dickinson (2004) b; Doughty (2008) a; Edell (1987) a; Egan (2001)b; Elvevag (2000)a; Elvevag (2000b)a; Elvevag (2001)a; Elvevag (2003); Frith (1991); Fucetola (2000) a; Giovannetti (2003)a; Glahn (2000); Gold (2000) b; Goldberg (1990); Goldstein (1998)b; Gooding (2002)b; Granholm (1991) b; Granholm (1999); Gras-Vincendon (1994); Grillon ML (2010); Heaton (1994); Heinrichs (2008) b; Henquet (2005) a; Henry (2007) b; Hoff (1992); Hoff (1998); Hoff (2005); Huddy (2009); Hughes (2002)b; Javitt (1995); Javitt (1997) a; Keefe (2004); Kiehl (2005) b; Krabbendam (2000)b; Kravariti (2003)a; b; Kurachi (1994); Langdon (2002); Lanser (2002)a; Leeson (2009); Leitman (2006); Leonard (2008); Luck (2008) b; Macdonald (2003); Manning (2009) a; Martin (2008); McNealy (2003) b; Michel (1998) b; Midorikawa (2008); Minzenberg (2003) b; Morice (1990); Morrison-Stewart (1991); Mulholland (2008) a; Nestor (2008); Neufeld (1978) a; O’ Carroll (1999); Ohrmann (2008)a; Okada (2002)a; Park IH (2008)b; Penn (1993)a; Perry (Study 1) (2001)a; Perry (Study 3) (2001); Premkumar (2008)b; Rodriguez-Sànchez (2007); Ross (2000)b; Rund (2004)a; Sayers (1995)a; Schreiber (1995); Seidman (2003); Silver (2003); Skelley (2008); Stirling (2001)a; Stirling (2006); Sullivan (1994)a; Vinogradov (2002)b; Wang (2008)a; Weikert (2000); Zuffante (2001).

Premorbid IQ

 

Altshuler (2004); Baas (2008); Badcock (2005); Badcock (2008); Baldeweg (2004); Birkett (2006); Brebion (2004); D’ Argembeau (2008); Doughty (2008) a; Egan (2001)b; Elvevag (2000)a; Elvevag (2000b)a; Elvevag (2001)a; Elvevag (2003); Frith (1991); Goldberg (1998); Henry (2007) b; Hill (2004); Hoff (1992); Horan (2009); Huddy (2009); Hughes (2002)b; Joyce (2002); Kiehl (2005) b; Kircher (2001); Kuperberg (1998); Leeson (2009); Majoreck (2009); Manning (2009) a; Menzies (2007); Moritz (2005); Moritz (2008); Phillips (2000); Roesch-Ely (2009); Roiser (2009); Rossell (1999); Rossell (2008); Schmand (1992); Smith (1998); Snyeder (2008); Stirling (2001)a; Stirling (2006); Sullivan (1994)a; Sullivan (2004); Surguladze (2002); Tsoi (2008); Waters (2006); Wood (2006).

 

Language

 

Alptekin (2005); Altshuler (2004); Al-Uzri (2004); Arango (1999)b; Baldeweg (2004); Barrantes-Vidal (2007); Bora (2008); Braff (1991)b; Brazo (2005); Brissos (2008); Broerse (2001); Burbridge (2007); Cantor-Graae (1995); Chino (2006); Cuesta (2007); D’ Argembeau (2008); Danion (2001); Deep (2007); Docherty (1996); Docherty (1999); Dragovic (2005); Earle Boyer (1991); Egan (2001)b; Frith (1991); Giovannetti (2003)a; Glahn (2000); Goldberg (1990); Goldberg (1998)a; Green (1985); Gur (2001); Harvey (1990); Haskins (1995); Heinrichs (2008); Hoff (2005); Hoff (1992); Hoffmann (1999); Keefe (2004); Kiefer (2002)a; Kim (2003); Kopelowicz (2005); Kosmidis (2005); Kuperberg (1998); Leeson (2005); Leonard (2008); Manning (2009); Matsui (2008); Menzies (2007); Miller (1995); Minzenberger (2003); Mirsky (1995); Morice (1990); Muller (2004); Myles-Worsley (1991); Ojeda (2002)a; Paulsen (1994); Pino (2008); Riley (2000); Rossell (1999); Rossell (2008); Sarfati (1999); Stirling (2006); Stone (1998)a; Szoke (2009); Tendolkar (2002); Van Beilen (2004); Verdoux (1995); Vinogradov (2002)b; Wang (2008); Weickert (2000); Wilk (2002).

 
 

Executive Function

 

Altshuler (2004); Arango C. (1999)b; Bertrand (2007); Bersche-Richard (1999); Braff (1991)b; Brankovic (1999); Braw (2008); Brazo (2002)b; Brazo (2005); Cadenhead (1999); Cantor-Graae (1995); Cavèzian (2007); Corrigan (1991); Egan (2001)b; Fucetola (2000); Glahn (2000); Gold (2000); Goldberg (1990); Goldberg (1998)a; Gooding (2002)b; Gur (2001); Henry (2007) b; Hill (2004); Hoff (1992); Hoff (1998); Hoff (2005); Hughes (2002)b; Keefe (2004); Kesserl (2007); Kiang (2007); Kim (2003); Kopelowicz (2005); Lanser (2002)a; Lee (2007); Leeson (2009); Manning (2009) a; Michel (1998); Midorikawa (2008); Minzenberg (2003); Mirsky (1995); Morice (1990); Moritz (2008); Nestor (2008); Ohrmann (2008); Ojeda (2002)a; Parellada (1994); Paulsen (1994); Perlstein (1998)a; Perry (Study 3) (2001); Perry (Study 4) (2001); Rief (1991); Riley (2000); Saoud (2000); Sarfati (1999); Schwartz (1991); Shelley (1996); Silver (2003); Smith (1998); Stirling (2006); Stratta (2001); Torres (2007); Verdoux (1995); Wang (2008); Weickert (2000); Woonings (2002)a; Yogev (2004).

Attention

 

Achim (2007); Altshuler (2004) b; Babin (2007) a; Barch (2003); Bertrand (2007); Besche (1997)a; Birkett (2006); Birkett (2007); Braw (2008) a; b; Brazo (2002)b; Brazo (2005) b; Brisson (2008); Broerse (2001); Cantor- Graae (1995); Carter (1992)b; Chey (2002); Cuesta (2007); Deep (2007) b; Dragovic (2005) a; Elvevag (2000b); Fucetola (study 1) (1999); Fucetola (study 2) (1999); Fucetola (2000) b; Giovannetti (2003)a; Glahn (2000); Goldberg (1990); Gooding (2002)b; Grillon C (1990); Grillon ML (2010); Gur (2001); Hartman (2003)a; Hirt (1991)a; Hoff (1992); Hoff (1998); Holthausen (2003) a; Hughes (2002)b; Javitt (1995); Karch (2009); Kerns (2007); Kim (2003); Kim (2004) b; Kurachi (1994)b; Laplante (1992)a; Luck (2008)b; MacDonald (2003); Mathews (2004) b; McNealy (2003) b; Mirsky (1995); Moritz (2001)a; Muller (2004) a; Ober (1995)b; Ojeda (2002)a; Park S (1995)b; Penn (1993)a; Perlstein (1998)a; Perlstein (2001)b; Perry (Study 4) (2001)a; Rabinowicz (1996); Riley (2000); Roesch-Ely (2009) a; Roiser (2009); Schreiber (1995); Sereno (1996); Smid (2009); Smith (1998) b; Stirling (2001)a; Stirling (2006); Stratta (1999)a; Strik (1993); Surguladze (2002); Symond (2002) b; Tek (2002)b; Ueno (2004); Van Den Bosh (1992); Vinogradov (2002)b; Weiss (1992)a; Zuffante (2001).

 
  1. a : studies with cases as inpatients; b : studies with cases as outpatients.