# | Author | Loc | Age | N | N | Intervention comparisons | Delivery mode | Provider | Setting & recruitment | Length | Help-seeking measures | Post-test effect size | Follow-up effect size | Quality rating |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Randomised | Post, FU | |||||||||||||
1 | Christensen | AUS | 18-52 | N = 525 | Post N = 414 | Two web-based depression interventions with weekly telephone calls from interviewer (indicated for participants K-10 ≥12) vs. control: | Online (Web plus telephone) | Interviewer | Community survey sent to random selection of 27,000 people on the Australian electoral roll (compulsory registration), Response rate: 6130 (22.7%); | 6 wks | (1) Behaviour – Self-reported professional treatments sought in the past 2 months to cope with depression (includes GP, counsellors, psychologists, anti-depressants, CBT, self-help books) | 6 weeks: | 6 months: | 6/9 |
(2006) [37] | (1) MG = .24a | (1) MG = .13 | ||||||||||||
M = 36.8 | BP = 165 | BP = 136 | (1) BP = -.01 | (1) BP = .02 | (3, 4, 5) | |||||||||
SD = 9.3 | MG = 182 | MG = 121 | ||||||||||||
C = 178 | C = 157 | |||||||||||||
FU N = 346 | BP = BluePages (MHL for depression + feedback). | |||||||||||||
BP = 114 | MG = MoodGYM (CBT program for depression + feedback). | 657 (2.4%) met inclusion criteria. | ||||||||||||
MG = 102 | ||||||||||||||
C = 130 | ||||||||||||||
C = Control (weekly telephone calls from interviewer only about lifestyle factors that may influence depression). | ||||||||||||||
2 | Costin (2009) | AUS | 19-24 | N = 348 | N = 298 | Two e-card interventions vs. control: | Online (Email) | Researcher | Community survey sent to 12,000 young people aged 19-23 years on the Australian electoral roll, (compulsory registration), Response rate: 1764 (14.7%); 1189 (9.9%) met inclusion criteria. | 3 wks | (1) Behaviour – sought help in the past 6 wks from formal sources (AHSQ) | 6 weeks: | NR | 9/9 |
[40] | BS and EH combined by author - | |||||||||||||
M = 21.4 | BS = 114 | BS = 97 | ||||||||||||
SD = 1.5 | EH = 117 | EH = 97 | BS = Basic (basic MHL for depression and help-seeking sources information). | |||||||||||
C = 117 | C = 104 | (1) BS/EH = -.02 | ||||||||||||
(2) Intentions – to seek help from formal sources (GHSQ) | (2) BS/EH = .03 | |||||||||||||
EH = Enhanced (enhanced MHL for depression and help-seeking sources information). | (3) BS/EH = .53a | |||||||||||||
C = Control (general health issue information). | (3) Beliefs e – rated any formal source as helpful | |||||||||||||
3 | Buckley | AUS | 18-79 | N = 80 | Post N = 80 | One 30 minute video vs. control: | In-person (Video) | Assistants (not directly involved in study) d | University student volunteers (30) and community members (50) volunteering from specified groups (e.g., teachers, church) d | 30 mins | (1) Attitudes (ATSPPHS) | 30 minutes: | 2 weeks: | 5/9 |
(2005) [44] | (1) VID = .34b | (1) VID = .56b | ||||||||||||
M = 40.6 | VID = 39 | VID = 39 | (1, 2, 4, 9) | |||||||||||
SD = 19.2 | C = 41 | C = 41 | VID = Video [based on cognitive learning theory, first person accounts of psychotherapy experiences (consumer contact), MHL, destigmatisation]. | |||||||||||
FU N = 63 | ||||||||||||||
VID = 29 | ||||||||||||||
C = 34 | ||||||||||||||
C = Control (30 minute video of “the self” with no mental health treatment mentioned). | ||||||||||||||
4 | Donohue | USA | 17-49 d | N = 124 | Post N = 124 | One interview vs. control: | In-person | Research assistant | University student athletes recruited via university notices. The majority received psychology course credit for participation. | 10-15 mins | (1) Attitudes | 10-15 minutes: | NR | 6/9 |
(2004) [41] | (Interview) | (ATSSPCQ) | (1) INT = .12b | |||||||||||
M = 19.6 | INT = 60 d | INT = 60 d | INT = Interview [discussing sport psychology and its benefits to the athlete (MHL, help-seeking source information)]. | (2) INT = .34 | (1, 2, 5) | |||||||||
SD = 1.8 | C= 64 d | C= 64 d | (1) Attitudes: Confidence in sport psychology consultation | (3) INT = -.08 | ||||||||||
C = Control (interview discussing general experiences in sport). | (2) Attitudes: Personal openness | |||||||||||||
(3) Attitudes: Stigma tolerance | ||||||||||||||
5 | Han (2006) | TAI | 18-36 | N = 299 | Post N = 243 | Three written material interventions vs. control: | In-person (Written) | Researcherd | University students drawn from student body of 3 universities with 144 receiving psychology course credit for participation. | 5-10 mins | (1) Willingnesse (HSWS) | 2 weeks: | NR | 5/9 |
[42] | BA and DS Combined across conditions for results. However, individual group effect sizes were: | |||||||||||||
M = 20.3 | BA = 75 | BA = 64 | (1, 2, 4, 5) | |||||||||||
SD = 2.2 | DS = 76 | DS = 56 | BA = Biological attribution of depression psychoeducation (MHL). | |||||||||||
CM = 72 | CM = 61 | |||||||||||||
C = 76 | C = 62 | |||||||||||||
DS = Destigmatisation of depression. | ||||||||||||||
(1) BA = .17a c | ||||||||||||||
CM = Combined BA and DS. | (1) DS = .04c | |||||||||||||
C = Control (no information). | (1) CM = .32a c | |||||||||||||
6 | Sharp (2006) | USA | 18-43 | N = 123 | Post N = 115 | One seminar vs. control: | In-person (Seminar plus written) | Clinical psychology graduate student with master’s degree | University students seeking to fulfil psychology course requirement. | 40 mins | (1) Attitudes (ATSPPHS-SF) | 1 week: | 4 weeks: | 6/9 |
[43] | (1) SEM = .26b | (1) SEM = .26b | ||||||||||||
M = 20.0 | SEM = 62 | SEM = 60 | SEM = Seminar [classroom-based mental health psychoeducational seminar + written information handouts (MHL, destigmatisation, help-seeking source information]. | (2) Behaviour (Self-report help-seeking from mental health professional in the last 4 wks). | (2) SEM = NR | (2) SEM = .01 | (1, 2, 4) | |||||||
SD = 3.2 | C = 61 | C = 55 | ||||||||||||
FU N = 105 | ||||||||||||||
SEM = 57 | ||||||||||||||
C = 48 | C = Control (astronomy science video. |