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Table 1 Sample characteristics

From: Prevalence of psychological distress and associated factors in tuberculosis patients in public primary care clinics in South Africa

Socio-demographics

Total

Psychological distress (≥28)

Psychological distress (≥16)

N

%

N

%

N

%

All

4900

 

1614

32.9

3970

81.0

Gender

Male

2631

54.5

888

33.8

2127

80.8

Female

2194

45.5

706

32.2

1786

81.4

Age

18-30

1769

36.6

525

29.7

1389

78.5

31-44

2078

41.8

663

32.9

1636

81.1

45 or more

1040

21.5

396

38.1

886

85.2

Marital status

Never married

3323

72.7

1127

33.6

2723

81.1

Married/cohabitating

982

21.5

298

29.8

785

78.4

Separated/divorced/widowed

265

5.8

102

37.1

235

85.5

Never married

3323

72.7

1127

33.6

2723

81.1

Married/cohabitating

982

21.5

298

29.8

785

78.4

Separated/divorced/widowed

265

5.8

102

37.1

78.4

85.5

Education

Grade 7 or less

1269

26.3

487

38.4

1091

86.0

Grade 8-11

2213

45.9

683

30.9

1804

81.5

Grade 12 or more

1336

27.7

418

31.3

1000

74.9

Poverty index (5–20)

Low (5)

1592

35.0

422

26.1

1238

76.6

Medium (6–12)

2195

48.2

757

34.0

1782

80.0

High (13–20)

768

16.9

334

43.0

698

89.9

Population group

Black African

4078

84.6

1402

34.4

3322

81.5

Coloured

634

13.1

158

24.9

488

77.0

Indian/Asian/White or other

114

2.3

35

31.5

89

80.2

Health variables

New TB patient

3650

76.6

1219

32.9

2971

80.1

Retreatment TB patient

1113

23.4

380

33.7

944

83.7

HIV positive

2585

59.9

874

33.4

2175

83.0

HIV negative

1728

40.1

555

31.6

1370

77.9

HIV unknown

385

9.6

143

37.1

312

81.0

Partner HIV positive

1192

27.2

427

35.3

1010

83.5

Partner HIV negative or unknown status

3194

72.8

1067

32.9

2590

79.8

Daily or almost daily tobacco use

980

20.0

363

37.0

795

81.1

Hazardous or harmful alcohol use

1120

23.3

380

33.9

941

84.0

Perceived health status

Excellent/very good

912

19.1

350

37.7

746

80.4

Good

1646

34.6

388

23.3

1244

74.6

Fair/poor

2205

46.3

870

38.9

1916

85.6

On antiretroviral therapy

974

22.1

342

37.7

769

84.9

Adherence

Non-adherence to TB treatment

1138

33.9

368

32.3

903

79.3

Non-adherence to ART

410

42.1

170

41.5

341

83.4