Prognostic significance of functional somatic symptoms in adolescence: a 15-year community-based follow-up study of adolescents with depression compared with healthy peers

Table 2 Adult mental health outcomes in adolescents with depression and somatic symptoms compared with non-depressed controls

	Non- depressed n = 152 %	Adolescents with depression n = 217				Linear by linear correlation in depression subgroups
	Non- depressed n = 152 %	0 somatic symptoms n = 35%	1-2 somatic symptoms n = 73%	3-4 somatic symptoms n = 59%	≥5 somatic symptoms n = 50%	Linear by linear correlation in depression subgroups
Major depressive episode^a	31.1	42.9	54.8**	62.7***	76.0***	p < 0.01
Recurrent depression or long episode (≥2 episodes/>6 months)^a	21.9	34.3	42.5**	50.8***	68.0***	p < 0.001
Any chronic depression^a	3.3	11.4*	11.0*	13.6**	30.0***	p < 0.05
Manic/hypo manic episode^a	2.0	5.7	9.6*	6.8	22.0***	p < 0.05
Any mood disorder ^a	34.4	44.1	57.5**	66.1***	80.0***	p < 0.001
Panic disorder, agoraphobia^a	11.9	20.0	20.5	27.1**	44.0***	p < 0.05
Specific phobia^a	17.9	25.7	23.3	23.7	28.0	n.s.
Social phobia^b	7.3	8.6	23.3**	11.9	22.0**	n.s.
PTSD^b	0	2.9 *	2,7*	0.0	8.0***	n.s.
GAD^b	4.6	5.7	11.0	13.6	18.0**	n.s
OCD^b	1.3	2.9	5.5	3.4	14.0***	n.s.
Any anxiety disorder ^a,b	22.5	34.3	41.1**	42.4**	58.0***	p < 0.05
Drug abuse^a	1.2	0	2.9	3.7	6.1*	n.s.
Alcohol abuse^a	3.0	16.1**	4.3	9.3	4.1	n.s.
Any psychosis^a	1,3	0,0	2.7	3.4	8.0*	n.s.
Any somatoform disorder^b	2.6	5.7	6.8	8.5*	26.0***	p < 0.01
Any mental disorder ^a,b	45.0	60.0	65.8**	74.6***	86.0***	p < 0.01

Notes: ^a = Any time from age 19 to follow-up. ^b = Current at follow-up.
* = p < 0.05; ** = p < 0.01; *** = p < 0.001 (Referring to comparisons with the non depression group, χ² calculation.

ISSN: 1471-244X