From: Psychiatric admissions from crisis resolution teams in Norway: a prospective multicentre study
Patient-level variables | Admitted | Not admitted | p a |
---|---|---|---|
Overall admission rate to in-patient wards n (%) | 146 (21.5) | 534 (78.5) | |
Socio-demographic variables | |||
Age (years): mean (SD) | 41.82 (14.66) | 39.63 (15.12) | 0.124 |
Gender: n (%) female | 84 (58.3) | 312 (58.9) | 0.908 |
Single, divorced, or widowed: n (%) | 97 (68.3) | 318 (60.9) | 0.107 |
Living alone: n (%) | 83 (57.6) | 313 (58.4) | 0.870 |
Employed at present: n (%) | 24 (16.7) | 151 (28.2) | 0.005 |
Custody of children aged under 18 years: n (%) | 34 (29.1) | 134 (34.6) | 0.263 |
Clinical variables | |||
Clinical diagnosis (ICD–10): n (%) | |||
F10–19 Substance use disorders | 8 (5.8) | 45 (8.8) | 0.260 |
F20–29 Schizophrenia disorders | 28 (20.4) | 32 (6.3) | < 0.001 |
F30–39 Affective disorders | 55 (40.1) | 165 (32.3) | 0.085 |
F40–49 Neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders | 22 (16.1) | 125 (24.5) | 0.037 |
F60–69 Personality disorders | 3 (2.2) | 27 (5.3) | 0.126 |
GAF: mean (SD) | |||
Symptom | 39.26 (10.31) | 50.80 (10.70) | < 0.001 |
Functioning | 41.37 (10.62) | 51.78 (12.13) | < 0.001 |
Suicide risk: n (%) | |||
No suicidal thoughts/death intentions | 36 (27.9) | 221 (43.0) | 0.001 |
Passive suicidal thoughts, with no death intentions | 52 (37.1) | 209 (40.7) | 0.451 |
Concrete suicidal plans or self-injury, with no death intentions | 43 (30.7) | 67 (13.0) | < 0.001 |
Self-injury with death intentions | 6 (4.3) | 17 (3.3) | |
Severity of clinical and social problems: n (%) | |||
Non-accidental self-injury (HoNOS 2): | |||
0 No problem | 84 (58.3) | 410 (76.5) | < 0.001 |
1 Minor problem requiring no action | 18 (12.5) | 42 (7.8) | 0.080 |
2 Mild problem but definitely present | 13 (9.0) | 34 (6.3) | 0.260 |
3 Moderately severe problem | 17 (11.8) | 31 (5.8) | 0.012 |
4 Severe to very severe problem | 12 (8.3) | 19 (3.5) | 0.014 |
Substance misuse (HoNOS 3): | |||
0 No problem | 95 (66.0) | 388 (72.4) | 0.132 |
1 Minor problem requiring no action | 15 (10.4) | 52 (9.7) | 0.798 |
2 Mild problem but definitely present | 11 (7.6) | 39 (7.3) | 0.882 |
3 Moderately severe problem | 17 (11.8) | 43 (8.0) | 0.155 |
4 Severe to very severe problem | 6 (4.2) | 14 (2.6) | 0.327 |
Psychotic symptoms (HoNOS 6): | |||
0 No problem | 80 (55.6) | 438 (81.7) | < 0.001 |
1 Minor problem requiring no action | 15 (10.4) | 48 (9.0) | 0.591 |
2 Mild problem, but definitely present | 17 (11.8) | 31 (5.8) | 0.012 |
3 Moderately severe problem | 21 (14.6) | 15 (2.8) | < 0.001 |
4 Severe to very severe problem | 11 (7.6) | 4 (0.7) | < 0.001 |
Depressive symptoms (HoNOS 7): | |||
0 No problem | 16 (11.1) | 64 (11.9) | 0.784 |
1 Minor problem requiring no action | 21 (14.6) | 112 (20.9) | 0.090 |
2 Mild problem, but definitely present | 52 (36.1) | 219 (40.9) | 0.302 |
3 Moderately severe problem | 39 (27.1) | 115 (21.5) | 0.152 |
4 Severe to very severe problem | 16 (11.1) | 26 (4.9) | 0.006 |
Unwanted incidents: n (%) | |||
Attempted suicide | 6 (4.2) | 8 (1.5) | 0.031 |
Deliberate self-harm | 12 (8.3) | 20 (3.7) | 0.031 |
Physical attacks on others | 5 (3.5) | 11 (2.1) | 0.351 |
Physical attacks from others | 1 (0.7) | 4 (0.7) | |
Past psychiatric history: n (%) | |||
Previous mental health service contact | 94 (65.2) | 307 (57.3) | 0.063 |
Psychiatric admission past 12 months | 55 (44.4) | 87 (19.0) | < 0.001 |
Other characteristics: n (%) | |||
Pharmacological treatment | 57 (39.6) | 184 (34.3) | 0.242 |
Receiving involuntary treatment | 1 (0.7) | 2 (0.4) | |
Contact/support in 48 hours before admission: n (%) | |||
GP | 54 (37.5) | 176 (32.8) | 0.294 |
Emergency ward | 32 (22.2) | 101 (18.8) | 0.364 |
Local CMHT | 21 (14.6) | 62 (11.6) | 0.326 |
Outpatient clinics in CMHC | 21 (14.6) | 34 (6.3) | 0.001 |
Support from family and/or friends | 62 (43.1) | 208 (38.8) | 0.355 |
Referral route to the CRT: n (%) | |||
Emergency referrals | 114 (79.2) | 375 (70.0) | 0.029 |
Self-referrals | 31 (21.5) | 141 (26.3) | 0.242 |
Delivered to CRT by the police | 14 (9.7) | 13 (2.4) | < 0.001 |