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Table 7 The results of univariate multinomial logistic regression for determining the risk factors of post-stroke apathy or depression alone

From: Predictors of early post ischemic stroke apathy and depression: a cross-sectional study

 

OR (95% CI)

 

Without apathy/with depression

With apathy/without depression

With apathy and depression

 

(n = 6)

(n = 19)

(n = 6)

Age (y)

1.04 (0.94, 1.15)

1.12 (1.04, 1.21)*

1.01 (0.91, 1.17)

Gender

   

 Male vs. Female

0.23 (0.04, 1.43)

0.64 (0.21, 1.95)

0.93 (0.15, 5.72)

Education (y)

0.87 (0.61, 1.11)

0.73 (0.61, 0.88)*

1.17 (0.94, 1.46)

Frontal

   

 Yes vs. no

2.25 (0.35, 14.49)

6.19 (1.88, 20.34)*

0.90 (0.09, 8.80)

Temporal

   

 Yes vs. no

10.50 (1.15, 95.91)*

5.60 (0.93, 33.77)

10.05 (1.15, 95.91)*

Parietal

   

 Yes vs. no

2.00 (0.19, 21.62)

0.56 (0.06, 5.33)

Not estimable

Occipital

   

 Yes vs. no

2.73 (0.24, 31.56)

Not estimable

2.73 (0.24, 31.56)

Basal ganglia

   

 Yes vs. no

2.33 (0.25, 21.89)

1.01 (0.32, 3.22)

2.33 (0.25, 21.89)

Cerebellum

   

 Yes vs. no

10.50 (1.15, 95.91)*

1.67 (0.10, 13.70)

Not estimable

Brain stem

   

 Yes vs. no

2.39 (0.42, 13.40)

3.28 (1.07, 10.02)*

Not estimable

Corona radiata

   

 Yes vs. no

0.48 (0.08, 2.61)

1.01 (0.32, 3.22)

Not estimable

Cerebrovascular disease

   

 Yes vs. no

3.40 (0.59, 19.54)

3.06 (0.98, 9.60)

3.40 (0.59, 19.54)

Hypertension

   

 Yes vs. no

2.33 (0.25, 21.89)

0.64 (0.21, 1.95)

0.47 (0.08, 2.61)

Diabetes mellitus

   

 Yes vs. no

Not estimable

0.45(0.11, 1.81)

0.48 (0.05, 4.49)

Smoking

   

 Yes vs. no

0.55 (0.09, 3.31)

1.22 (0.41, 3.57)

1.10 (0.20, 6.03)

Drinking

   

 Yes vs. no

Not estimable

1.56 (0.50, 4.88)

0.53 (0.06, 5.05)

SBP (mmHg)

0.99 (0.94, 1.03)

0.98 (0.96, 1.01)

0.98 (0.94, 1.03)

DBP (mmHg)

1.01 (0.97, 1.05)

0.97 (0.93, 1.01)

0.97 (0.90, 1.03)

Heart rate (bpm)

1.01 (0.94, 1.09)

0.99 (0.94, 1.03)

1.01 (0.93, 1.08)

Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

1.58 (0.59, 4.19)

0.68 (0.36, 1.30)

0.95 (0.37, 2.48)

Triglycerides (mmol/L)

0.95 (0.46, 1.95)

0.49 (0.20, 1.18)

0.47 (0.12, 1.90)

LDL-C (mmol/L)

2.72 (0.73, 10.09)

0.79 (0.33, 1.90)

0.73 (0.19, 2.80)

HDL-C (mmol/L)

0.63 (0.03, 12.44)

0.26 (0.03, 2.22)

3.13 (0.22, 45.71)

HbA1c (%)

0.90 (0.54, 1.59)

0.48 (0.21, 1.09)

0.33 (0.08, 1.41)

NIHSS

1.06 (0.71, 1.57)

1.04 (0.82, 1.32)

1.14 (0.80, 1.61)

MMSE score

0.81 (0.63, 1.05)

0.72 (0.59, 0.87)*

0.77 (0.61, 0.98)*

MoCA score

0.85 (0.72, 1.01)

0.82 (0.73, 0.93)*

0.84 (0.71, 0.99)*

MDRS I/P

0.85 (0.71, 1.01)

0.85 (0.75, 0.95)*

0.74 (0.60, 0.92)*

FAB

0.87 (0.67, 1.12)

0.81 (0.69, 0.96)*

0.99 (0.73, 1.36)

HAMD

8.01 (1.27, 50.73)*

1.07 (0.82, 1.38)

11.16 (1.68, 74.05)*

Stroop color-naming

   

 B-Atime

1.01 (0.99, 1.03)

1.01 (0.99, 1.02)

1.01 (0.99, 1.03)

 B-Anumber

0.95 (0.85, 1.07)

0.93 (0.86, 1.01)

0.94 (0.84, 1.04)

  1. *Significant factor, P < 0.05.
  2. Reference group: Without apathy and depression (n = 44).
  3. Abbreviations: SBP Systolic blood pressure, DBP Diastolic blood pressure, LDL-C Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HbA1c Hemoglobin A1c, NIHSS National Institutes of health stroke scale, MMSE Mini-mental state examination, MoCA Montreal cognitive assessment, MDRS I/P Mattis dementia rating scale initiation/preservation subset, FAB Frontal assessment battery, HAMD Hamilton depression scale.
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BMC Psychiatry

ISSN: 1471-244X

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