Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study sample

Age, years: mean (SD)

38.1 (14.5)

38.3 (13.5)

35.7 (12.0)

0.562

0.57

Gender (male / female)

39 / 47

32 / 35

16 / 27

1.24

0.54

Educational level,1-5: mean (SD)^a

4.1

3.8

3.8

1.08

0.34

WAIS_information subtest

13,3 (2,3)

13,2 (2,3)

13,6 (2,2)

0,38

0,69

Age of onset: mean (SD)

20.6 (8.4)

19.1 (8.5)

0.88

0.35

Prior psychotic symptoms: N (%)

52 (78)

7 (17)

39.6

< 0.001

Suicide attempt: N (%)

26 (39)

16 (38)

0.06

0.94

Interpersonal violence: N (%)

20 (30)

10 (23)

0.57

0.45

Anxiety disorder

19 (28)

24 (56)

7.96

0.005

ADHD

7 (11)^c

10 (23)

3.04

0.081

MADRS: mean (SD)

3.9 (3.5)

3.6 (3.6)

0.17

0.68

YMRS: mean (SD)

1.6 (2.7)

2.2 (2.2)

1.2

0.28

Lifetime number of manic episodes: mean (SD)

3 (2.9)

-

Lifetime number of depressive episodes: mean (SD)

13.3 (13.2)

28.5 (31.0)

12.4

0.001

CGI: mean (SD)

4.9 (0.9)

4.1 (0.7)

23.2

< 0.001

Pharmacological treatment, N (%)

Lithium

49 (73)

21 (49)

6.7

0.01

Anticonvulsant

15 (22)

8 (19)

0.22

0.63

Antidepressant

18 (27)

19 (44)

3.5

0.061

Antipsychotic

22 (33)

6 (14)

4.9

0.027

Combination therapy^b

34 (51)

17 (40)

1.32

0.25