Table 1 Conceptualization of the term ‘Institutionalization’

Pine & Levinson, 1961 [75]

U.S.A

X

Wing & Brown, 1961 [67]

U.K

X

X

Wing 1962 [63]

U.K

X

Barton, 1966 [69]

U.S.A

X

Gruenberg 1967 [73]

U.S.A

X

Karmel, 1969 [65]

U.S.A

X

Gomia et al. 1970 [30]

U.S.A

X

X

X

Wing & Brown, 1970 [64]

U.K

X

X

Moos, 1972 [23]

U.S.A

X

X

Ochberg et al., 1972 [68]

U.S.A

X

Moos, 1973 [24]

U.S.A

X

X

Rosenhan, 1973 [71]

U.S.A

X

Johnstone, Owens et al. 1981 [74]

U.K

X

Liberakis, 1981 [70]

Canada

X

X

Goldney, Bowes et al., 1985

Australia

X

Wasow, 1986 [48]

U.S.A

X

Talbott & Glick, 1986 [46]

U.S.A

X

Myers, Leahy et al., 1990

U.K

X

X

Wing, 1990 [49]

U.K

X

X

Curson, et al. 1992 [66]

U.K

X

Abrahamson, 1993

U.K

X

Taj and Sheehan, 1994 [25]

Ireland

X

X

Prior, 1995 [51]

U.K

X

Eklund & Hansson, 1997 [47]

Sweden

X

Breeze, 1998

Sweden

X

Ford, et al. 1998 [72]

U.K

X

Lutzen, 1998 [61]

Sweden

X

Owen, Tarantello, et al. 1998 [52]

Australia

X

X

McCubbin & Cohen, 1999 [59]

UK

X

Nijman, a Compo et al., 1999 [53]

The Netherlands

X

Boardman & Hodgson, 2000 [19]

U.K

X

Quirk & Lelliott, 2001 [56]

U.K

X

Bowers, Crowhurst et al., 2002 [34]

U.K

X

Dvoski et al., 2002 [22]

U.S.A

X

Lewis, 2002 [36]

U.K

X

Zinkler & Priebe, 2002 [39]

U.K

X

O’Brien & Cole, 2003 [50]

Australia

X

X

Salize &Dressing, 2004 [40]

Germany

X

Priebe, 2004 [18]

U.K

X

Rittmannsberger et al., 2004 [31]

Europe

X

Canvin, Bartlett & Pinfold, 2005 [55]

U.K

X

Karlin & Zeiss, 2006 [28]

U.S.A

X

Katsakou & Priebe, 2006 [41]

U.K

X

Killaspy, 2006 [54]

U.K

X

Quirk, Lelliott & Seale, 2006 [20]

U.K

X

X

X

De Girolamo et al., 2007

Italy

X

X

Haglund et al., 2007 [33]

Sweden

X

McNown Johnson & Rhodes, 2007 [38]

U.S.A

X

X

X

Sine, 2008 [26]

U.S.A

X

Johnson, Gilburt et al. 2009 [21]

U.K

X

X

van der Merwe et al. 2009 [32]

U.K

X

X

X

Priebe, Katsakou et al., 2009 [58]

U.K

X

X

Coldefy & Curtis, 2010 [29]

France

X

Katsakou, Bowers et al., 2010 [42]

U.K

X

Lang et al., 2010 [35]

Germany

X

Molodynski, Rugkåsa & Burns, 2010 [44]

U.K

X

X

Priebe, Katsakou et al., 2010 [43]

U.K

X

Sheehan & Burns, 2011 [57]

U.K

X

X

Lay, Nordt & Roessler,2011 [60]

Switzerland

X

Georgieva, Mulder & Wierdsma, 2012 [37]

The Netherlands

X

Reumschussel-Wienert & Crefeld, 2012 [45]

Germany

X