Table 2 Conditional risk of DSM-IV/CIDI PTSD by PTE type, mean duration and relative PTSD burden associated with PTEs in the South Africa Stress and Health Study (n = 4315)
Event type | Conditional PTSD riska | SE | Number of lifetime to date PTSD episodesb | SE | Mean PTSD Duration (Months)c | SE | % relative PTSD burdend | SE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
War events | 2.9 | 2.80 | 0.5 | 0.52 | 70.7 | 10.77 | 8.1 | 7.53 |
 Combat | 2.3 | 2.19 | 0.1 | 0.08 | 60.0 | 0.00 | 0.8 | 0.89 |
 Relief worker | 0.0 | 0.00 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
 Civilian in war zone | 0.0 | 0.00 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
 Civilian in terror | 0.0 | 0.00 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
 Refugee | 0.0 | 0.00 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
 Purposely injured, tortured, or killed someone | 32.9 | 28.73 | 0.5 | 0.18 | 72.0 | 0.00 | 4.3 | 1.68 |
Physical violence | 1.8 | 0.65 | 1.2 | 0.42 | 27.5 | 16.14 | 6.9 | 5.92 |
 Beaten up by caregiver | 1.2 | 0.71 | 0.1 | 0.09 | 14.5 | 6.12 | 0.5 | 0.38 |
 Beaten up by partner | 5.4 | 2.69 | 0.4 | 0.22 | 59.0 | 44.20 | 5.3 | 5.34 |
 Beaten up by someone else | 0.9 | 0.82 | 0.2 | 0.15 | 2.0 | 0.00 | 0.10 | 0.12 |
 Mugged or threatened with a weapon | 1.7 | 0.98 | 0.4 | 0.26 | 11.1 | 6.06 | 1.1 | 0.84 |
 Kidnapped | ||||||||
Sexual violence | 2.6 | 1.70 | 0.4 | 0.24 | 15.2 | 12.39 | 1.2 | 1.21 |
 Raped | 13.4 | 8.36 | 0.4 | 0.24 | 15.2 | 9.59 | 1.2 | 1.21 |
 Sexually assaulted | 0.0 | 0.00 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
 Stalked | 0.0 | 0.00 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
Accidents | 3.3 | 1.23 | 2.1 | 0.78 | 39.1 | 17.23 | 17.2 | 10.55 |
 Toxic chemical exposure | 0.0 | 0.00 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
 Automobile accident | 5.5 | 3.57 | 0.9 | 0.60 | 33.7 | 14.88 | 6.3 | 4.39 |
 Other life threatening accident | 9.6 | 5.31 | 0.8 | 0.40 | 20.1 | 9.91 | 3.2 | 2.00 |
 Natural disaster | 0.7 | 0.73 | 0.0 | 0.02 | 7.0 | 0.00 | 0.1 | 0.03 |
 Man-made disaster | 0.5 | 0.65 | 0.0 | 0.06 | 72.0 | 0.00 | 0.3 | 0.89 |
 Life-threatening illness | 1.8 | 0.87 | 0.4 | 0.19 | 91.8 | 55.35 | 7.3 | 6.01 |
Unexpected death of loved one | 3.3 | 1.32 | 2.0 | 0.84 | 27.5 | 8.10 | 11.8 | 7.83 |
Network events | 1.4 | 0.83 | 0.3 | 0.18 | 53.1 | 34.72 | 3.6 | 3.43 |
 Child with serious illness | 1.9 | 1.36 | 0.2 | 0.15 | 68.8 | 21.45 | 3.0 | 3.26 |
 Traumatic event to loved one | 0.1 | 0.11 | 0.0 | 0.01 | 24.0 | 0.00 | 0.0 | 0.05 |
 Accidentally caused serious injury or death | 3.4 | 3.65 | 0.1 | 0.11 | 24.0 | 0.00 | 0.5 | 0.59 |
Witnessing | 8.3 | 4.91 | 4.5 | 2.46 | 55.1 | 4.38 | 50.5 | 15.38 |
 Witnessed death/dead body, saw someone hurt | 3.7 | 2.67 | 2.1 | 1.54 | 44.1 | 9.51 | 19.8 | 13.92 |
 Saw atrocities | 31.5 | 18.34 | 2.4 | 1.37 | 61.6 | 1.42 | 30.7 | 10.82 |
Others | 2.5 | 1.91 | 0.2 | 0.14 | 21.4 | 8.19 | 0.8 | 0.61 |
 Some other event | 0.9 | 0.91 | 0.0 | 0.01 | 48.0 | 0.00 | 0.3 | 0.15 |
 Private event | 1.2 | 0.13 | 4.1 | 3.77 | 1.4 | 1.28 | 0.5 | 0.48 |
Total with any event | 3.5 | 1.91 | 11.2 | 6.29 | 42.3 | 12.27 | 100.0 | 0.00 |