Table 3 Associations of socio-demographic factors with lifetime PTSD in the South Africa Stress and Health Study (N = 4315)
Variable | Lifetime trauma exposure OR (OR range) | Lifetime PTSD OR (OR range) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Among total sample | Among those with events | Among those with events, Controlling for events | ||
Gender | ||||
Male | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Female | 1.03 (0.84-1.26) | 1.24 (0.56-2.76) | 0.53 (0.12-2.30) | 0.84 (0.34-2.04) |
Age | ||||
18 - 29 | 0.89 (0.64-1.25) | 1.24(0.39-3.90) | 0.76 (0.14-4.27) | 1.70 (0.35-8.26) |
30 - 44 | 1.04 (0.72-1.5) | 1.62 (0.60-4.39) | 0.59 (0.11-3.08) | 0.83 (0.15-4.69) |
45 - 59 | 1.22 (0.89-1.67) | 1.69 (0.69-4.15) | 0.51 (0.12-2.09 | 0.91 (0.25-3.36) |
60+ | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Marital status | ||||
Married | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Previously married | 1.35 (0.85-2.14) | 2.71 (1.16-6.35)* | 0.36 (0.09-1.36) | 0.47 (0.10-2.28) |
Never married | 0.85 (0.67-1.08) | 0.74 (0.33-1.66) | 0.80 (0.30-2.14) | 0.66 (0.20-2.16) |
Education level | ||||
Low | 0.59 (0.38-0.94) | 0.47 (0.18-1.23) | 0.71 (0.10-4.92) | 0.68 (0.10-4.92) |
Low-average | 0.72 (0.48-1.06) | 0.70 (0.38-1.26) | 3.16 (0.66-15.19) | 1.92 (0.65-5.66) |
High-average | 0.85 (0.65-1.12) | 0.55 (0.29-1.06) | 0.76 (0.22-2.64) | 0.31 (0.08-1.23) |
High | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Employment | ||||
Employed | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Homemaker | 0.65 (0.49-0.86)* | 1.00 (0.40-2.52) | 1.15 (0.29-4.58) | 0.92 (0.26-3.24) |
Retired | 0.87 (0.54-1.39) | 2.33 (0.89-6.09) | 11.97 (4.00-35.82)* | 9.18 (2.62-32.20)* |
Other | 0.86 (0.67-1.10) | 1.14 (0.70-1.87) | 1.23 (0.56-2.72) | 1.06 (0.50-2.24) |
Race | ||||
White | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Black | 1.32 (0.81-2.16) | 0.70 (0.29-1.68) | 0.36 (0.10-1.28) | 0.60 (0.23-1.61) |
Colored | 0.73 (0.42-1.25) | 0.90 (0.50-1.62) | 0.76 (0.14-4.01) | 0.79 (0.21-3.06) |
Indian | 1.35 (0.69-2.62) | 0.07 (0.01-0.57)* | 0.01 (0.00-0.09)* | 0.02 (0.00-0.19)* |
Other | 1.17 (0.51-2.71) | 0.95 (0.22-4.09) | 0.61 (0.04-9.16) | 1.23 (0.18-8.41) |
PTE classes | ||||
War events | - | - | - | 2.40 (0.32-18.06) |
Physical violence | - | - | - | 0.68 (0.23-2.00) |
Sexual violence | - | - | - | 0.74 (0.08-7.32) |
Accident | - | - | - | 1.43 (0.31-6.55) |
Death | - | - | - | 1.00 |
Network events | - | - | - | 0.38 (0.06-2.32) |
Witnessing | - | - | - | 3.56 (0.53-24.03) |
Other or private | - | - | - | 0.74 (0.09-6.40) |
Count of prior PTEs | ||||
Prior war events | - | - | - | 0.58 (0.29-1.15) |
Prior physical violence | - | - | - | 1.33 (0.73-2.43) |
Prior sexual violence | - | - | - | 1.56 (0.91-2.69) |
Prior accidents | - | - | - | 0.95 (0.73-1.23) |
Prior deaths | - | - | - | 1.53 (1.16-2.03) |
Prior network events | - | - | - | 1.10 (0.77-1.57) |
Prior witnessing | - | - | - | 1.09 (0.93-1.28) |
Prior other events | - | - | - | 0.14 (0.01-2.92) |