Table 1 Overview of studies related to neuropsychological differences in schizophrenia or depression
From: Neuropsychological functioning in inpatients with major depression or schizophrenia
Author | Franke et al. (1993)[6] | Albus et al. (1996)[4] | Mitrushina et al. (1996)[7] | Verdoux and Liraud (2000)[8] | Egeland et al. (2003)[9] | Reichenberg et al. (2008)[10] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Patients | 30 patients with schizophrenia (S) 15 unipolar non-psychotic patients (D) 30 control persons (Cont) | 27 patients with schizophrenia (S) 10 depressed patients (D), 17 patients with bipolar disorder (B) = 27 patients with affective disorder, 27 control persons (Cont). All patients were first episode. | 25 depressed patients. (D), 17 patients with mania (M), 21 patients with schizophrenia (S), 18 patients with schizoaffective disorder (SA), 22 patients with other psychosis (P) All patients had psychotic symptoms. | 20 patients with schizophrenia (S), 29 patients with other psychosis (P), 33 patients with bipolar disorder (B), 19 patiens with Major Depression (D) | 53 patients with schizophrenia (S), 50 patients with recurrent depression (D), 50 healthy controls (Cont) | 94 patients with schizophrenia (S), 15 patients with schizoaffective disorder (SA), 78 patients with bipolar disorder (B), 48 patients with major depression (D) |
Neuropsychological Test Battery | Wisconsin Card Sorting test (WCST), Verbal Fluency Test (VFT), Trail Making Test (TMT A and B), Digit Span Test (DST) | Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-R), WCST, Verbal fluency Test, Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS-R), California Verbal Learning Test, TMT, Stroop Test, Continous Performance Test, Span of Apprehension Test | Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination (NCSE; Kiernan et al. 1987) | BEM-84 (Memory), WCST, STROOP | Continous Performance Test, dichotomic listening, STROOP, 2 Visual-motor coordination speed | WAIS-R, WMS-R, STROOP, TMT, Finger Tapping Test, Facial Recognition Test, Letter Fluency and Sentence Repetition Test |
Results | WCST, TMT, VFT: S,D < Cont TMT B: S < D | Visual-motor coordination: S < A A without psychotic symptoms = Cont A with psychotic symptoms = S | Memory, abstract thinking: distinct deficits in patients with schizophrenia (S < D) | Global memory functioning: S < D; verbal memory: S < P, B, D; WCST, STROOP: no differences | Speed and selective attention: S < Cont Speed: D < Cont Vigilance: D < S | S < SA < B < D |