Table 1 Comparison of characteristics of women survivors of human trafficking with and without mental disorder at an average of 6 months post-return: univariable analyses (n=120)*
From: Risk factors for mental disorders in women survivors of human trafficking: a historical cohort study
Total (n=120) | No mental disorder (n=55) | Mental disorder(n=65) | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | |||
Pre trafficking factors | |||||
Education status | General obligatory or less (age 6–15 years) | 89 (74.2) | 32 (58.2) | 57 (87.7) | <.0.001 |
Upper secondary or higher (age 16+ years) | 31 (25.8) | 23 (41.8) | 8 (12.3) | ||
Employment status | Unemployed | 82 (68.3) | 37 (67.3) | 45 (69.2) | 0.009 |
Unqualified work | 25 (20.8) | 7 (12.7) | 18 (27.7) | ||
Student | 7 (5.8) | 6 (10.9) | 1 (1.5) | ||
Qualified work | 6 (5.0) | 5 (9.1) | 1 (1.5) | ||
Living situation | Alone | 50 (41.2) | 20 (36.4) | 30 (46.2) | 0.187 |
With parents | 21 (17.5) | 7 (12.7) | 14 (21.5) | ||
With child(ren) only | 25 (20.8) | 14 (25.5) | 11 (16.9) | ||
With partner | 13 (10.8) | 6 (10.9) | 7 (10.8) | ||
Other | 11 (9.2) | 8 (14.6) | 3 (4.6) | ||
Residence | Rural | 81 (67.5) | 32 (58.2) | 49 (75.4) | 0.045 |
Urban | 39 (32.5) | 23 (41.8) | 16 (24.6) | ||
Had a confidante | No | 69 (57.5) | 34 (61.8) | 35 (53.9) | 0.379 |
Yes | 51 (42.5) | 21 (38.2) | 30 (40.1) | ||
Childhood emotional abuse** | No | 34 (28.3) | 23 (41.8) | 11 (16.9) | 0.003 |
Yes | 86 (71.7) | 32 (58.2) | 54 (83.1) | ||
Childhood physical abuse* * | No | 41 (34.2) | 28 (50.9) | 13 (20.0) | <0.001 |
Yes | 79 (65.8) | 27 (49.1) | 52 (80.0) | ||
Childhood sexual abuse | No | 83 (69.2) | 45 (81.8) | 38 (58.5) | 0.006 |
Yes | 37 (30.8) | 10 (18.2) | 27 (41.5) | ||
Trafficking characteristics | |||||
Destination country | Turkey | 46 (38.3) | 25 (45.5) | 21 (32.3) | 0.286 |
Russia | 34 (28.3) | 15 (27.3) | 19 (29.2) | ||
Other | 40 (33.3) | 15 (27.3) | 25 (38.5) | ||
Type of exploitation | Labour | 23 (19.2) | 12 (21.8) | 11 (16.9) | 0.497 |
Sexual | 97 (80.8) | 43 (78.2) | 54 (83.1) | ||
Duration of trafficking (months) | Mean (SD, range) | 9.6 (SD 5.6, range 2–31) | 8.3 (SD 5.0, range 2–25) | 10.7 (SD 6.0, range 2–31) | 0.023 |
Post trafficking baseline mental disorder (within 2 days of return to Moldova) | |||||
Baseline diagnosis of mental disorder | No | 18 (15.0) | 9 (16.4) | 9 (13.9) | 0.700 |
Yes | 102 (85.0) | 46 (83.6) | 56 (86.1) | ||
Post trafficking factors (6 months after return to Moldova) | |||||
Age (years) | Mean (SD) | 25.4 (6.0) | 26.3 (6.5) | 24.6 (5.4) | 0.114 |
Marital status | Single/widowed/ divorced | 106 (88.3) | 42 (76.4) | 64 (98.5) | <0.001 |
Married/ cohabiting | 14 (11.7) | 13 (23.6) | 1 (1.5) | ||
Has children | No | 58 (48.3) | 25 (45.5) | 33 (50.8) | 0.562 |
Yes | 62 (51.7) | 30 (54.5) | 32 (49.2) | ||
Employment status | Unemployed | 44 (36.7) | 10 (18.2) | 34 (52.3) | <0.001 |
Unqualified work | 37 (30.8) | 14 (25.5) | 23 (35.4) | ||
Student | 25 (20.8) | 18 (32.7) | 7 (10.8) | ||
Qualified work | 14 (11.7) | 13 (23.6) | 1 (1.5) | ||
Time since return to Moldova (months) | Mean (SD, range) | 5.9 (SD 3.2, range 2–12) | 5.4 (SD 3.3, range 2–12) | 6.3 (SD 3.3, range 2–12) | 0.131 |
Number of unmet needs | Mean (SD, range) | 3.7 (SD 2.8, range 0–11) | 1.6 (SD 1.7, range 0–8) | 5.4 (SD 2.3, range 1–11) | <0.001 |
Social support score | Mean (SD, range) | 19.9 (SD 5.5, range 9–30) | 24.3 (SD 3.5, range 16–30) | 16.1 (SD 3.7, range 9–30) | <0.001 |