Odor naming and interpretation performance in 881 schizophrenia subjects: association with clinical parameters

BMC Psychiatry

Table 3 Odor naming is associated with cognition and odor interpretation with severity of positive symptoms and alertness in schizophrenia subjects (N=881)

	Odor naming^a	Odor interpretation^a
Higher cognition composite^b	0.165	0.057
Higher cognition composite^b	(t ₈₁₃ = 2.347, p=0.019)	(t₈₁₄= 0.789, p=0.430)
Alertness (TAP)	0.144	0.196
Alertness (TAP)	(t ₈₁₃ = 3.401, p=0.001)	(t ₈₁₄ = 4.635, p=0.000)
PANSS negative	−0.112	−0.045
PANSS negative	(t ₈₁₃ =−2.717, p=0.007)	(t₈₁₄=−1.073, p=0.283)
PANSS positive	−0.055	−0.107
PANSS positive	(t₈₁₃=−1.407, p=0.160)	(t ₈₁₄ =−2.701, p=0.007)
Fine motor function composite^c,d	−0.010	0.017
Fine motor function composite^c,d	(t₈₁₃=−0.210, p=0.834)	(t₈₁₄= 0.336, p=0.737)
Premorbid intelligence (MWTB)^d	0.071	0.059
Premorbid intelligence (MWTB)^d	(t₈₁₃= 1.761, p=0.079)	(t₈₁₄= 1.420, p=0.156)

^aRelative association strength of domains with odor naming and odor interpretation (t-statistic t_df with df degrees of freedom, p value). Multiple linear regression model containing linear terms for all six predictor variables (table rows) and adjusting for age (odor naming and odor interpretation) and gender (odor naming), significances (Bonferroni p≤0.025) in boldface. ^bThe higher cognition composite includes the following cognitive domains: Reasoning ability (subtest 3 of the Leistungsprüfsystem, a German test covering Thurstone’s primary mental abilities), executive functioning (difference of execution times between Trail Making Test A and B), working memory (Letter Number Sequencing), processing speed (Digit Symbol Coding), verbal memory (Verbal Learning and Memory Test) and divided attention (test battery for attention). ^cThe fine motor function composite consists of dotting and tapping subtests of the MacQuarrie test for mechanical ability. ^dControl variables.

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