Table 1 Sample characteristics, main outcome and background variables; Average, [proportion] standard deviation

Demographic variables

Age, years

36.8 (10.81)

42.58 (10.71)

39.6 (11.04)

Gender

73% Male,

70% Male

72% Male,

Ethnicity

77% White,

54% White,

66% White,

Substance use/abuse

46% No,

58% No

52% No,

Clinical symptoms

Median (IQR)

Median (IQR)

Total Group

Baseline

Follow-up

Baseline

Follow-up

Baseline

PANSS total

80 (67–91)

71.5 (51–88)

71 (62.5-86)

60 (41–86)

80 (65–90)

PANSS Positive

16.5 (14–26)

15.5 (12–22)

17 (13–21)

15 (10–21)

18 (13–22)

PANSS Negative

21 (14–25)

17 (13–21)

20 (17.5-25)

16 (11–22)

21.5 (17–27)

CGI-Severity

4.5 (4–5)

3.5 (3–5)

4 (3–5)

3 (2–4)

4 (3–5)

AIMS

0 (0–1)

0 (0–0)

1 (0–3.5)

0 (0–1)

0 (0–3)

Quality of life

AQOL Illness

0.42 (0.17-0.52)

0.52 (0.42-0.64)

0.36 (0.14-0.59)

0.42 (0.26-0.53)

0.40 (0.15-0.52)

AQOL Activities Daily Life

0.78 (0.62-0.0.86)

0.88 (0.78-1.00)

1.00 (0.78-1.00)

1.00 (0.79-1.00)

0.79 (0.62-1.00)

AQOL Social

0.70 (0.27-0.82)

0.74 (0.35-0.88)

0.69 (0.24-0.88)

0.74 (0.35-0.94)

0.69 (0.24-0.83)

AQOL Physical

1.00 (0.82-1.00)

0.93 (0.82-1.00)

1.00 (0.94-1.00)

1.00 (0.94-1.00)

1.00 (0.88-1.00)

AQOL Psychological

0.87 (0.73-0.91)

0.91 (0.73-0.93)

0.87 (0.67-0.93)

0.95 (0.83-1.00)

0.87 (0.70-0.93)

Mean (sd)

Mean (sd)

Mean (sd)

Mean (sd)

Mean (sd)

Working Alliance (prorated)

48.33 (33.10)

27.30 (27.90)

45.97 (31.64)

49.30 (35.32)

48.20 (32.08)