Table 2 Group differences and interaction effects on symptom ratings (ANOVA): means and standard deviations
From: ADHD in girls and boys – gender differences in co-existing symptoms and executive function measures
Group | Main and interaction effects | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ADHD | Healthy controls | |||||||||
Boys (n = 43) | Girls (n = 37) | Boys (n = 32) | Girls (n = 18) | Group | Gender | Group X Gender | ||||
F | p | F | p | F | p | |||||
CBCL a) | ||||||||||
Anxious/depressed | 58.3 (8.2) | 61.1 (10.6) | 51.5 (4.0) | 51.4 (2.7) | 31.11 | <.001 | 1.52 | NS | 0.98 | NS |
Withdrawn/depressed | 59.4 (8.2) | 58.7 (7.2) | 51.5 (2.5) | 51.2 (2.6) | 45.29 | <.001 | 0.26 | NS | 0.04 | NS |
Somatic complaints | 59.6 (8.9) | 59.7 (8.6) | 53.0 (4.7) | 51.4 (2.5) | 29.25 | <.001 | 0.30 | NS | 0.35 | NS |
Social problems | 60.4 (9.2) | 60.0 (7.4) | 50.5 (1.5) | 50.3 (0.5) | 65.08 | <.001 | 0.02 | NS | 0.00 | NS |
Thought problems | 58.1 (8.8) | 57.2 (7.7) | 51.1 (2.1) | 50.6 (1.5) | 31.40 | <.001 | 0.36 | NS | 0.02 | NS |
Rule-breaking | 60.3 (8.6) | 58.6 (8.0) | 50.9 (2.6) | 50.8 (2.5) | 52.06 | <.001 | 1.59 | NS | 0.52 | NS |
Aggressive behavior | 61.8 (11.7) | 61.5 (9.6) | 50.9 (1.8) | 50.7 (2.1) | 47.81 | <.001 | 0.03 | NS | 0.00 | NS |
Affective problems | 61.8 (8.7) | 63.2 (8.8) | 51.4 (3.6) | 50.9 (1.7) | 72.89 | <.001 | 0.27 | NS | 0.47 | NS |
Anxiety problems | 57.0 (7.8) | 60.7 (8.4) | 51.2 (3.4) | 51.2 (3.3) | 35.13 | <.001 | 4.08 | .045 | 2.21 | NS |
Somatic problems | 60.0 (8.6) | 60.1 (10.3) | 53.4 (5.0) | 51.6 (2.9) | 25.96 | <.001 | 0.17 | NS | 0.43 | NS |
Oppositional problems | 59.7 (8.4) | 59.8 (8.3) | 51.3 (2.2) | 51.5 (2.7) | 45.75 | <.001 | 0.00 | NS | 0.00 | NS |
Conduct problems | 62.6 (9.8) | 60.1 (8.3) | 51.2 (2.6) | 50.9 (2.4) | 61.60 | <.001 | 2.18 | NS | 0.80 | NS |
SMFQ b) | 6.3 (4.9) | 7.7 (4.9) | 2.4 (2.8) | 1.7 (1.6) | 38.83 | <.001 | 0.70 | NS | 1.91 | NS |
RCMAS-2 c) | ||||||||||
Physiological anxiety | 5.1 (2.2) | 6.5 (2.3) | 2.6 (2.2) | 1.4 (1.6) | 82.35 | <.001 | 1.61 | NS | 10.46 | .002 |
Worry | 4.2 (4.0) | 6.3 (3.8) | 2.1 (1.8) | 2.0 (1.9) | 25.06 | <.001 | 4.83 | .030 | 3.40 | NS |
Social anxiety | 3.6 (3.2) | 5.4 (2.7) | 1.3 (1.6) | 1.4 (1.7) | 39.42 | <.001 | 5.94 | .016 | 2.95 | NS |
STAIC d) | ||||||||||
State | 29.2 (4.1) | 30.1 (5.0) | 27.3 (4.0) | 27.4 (3.4) | 8.21 | .005 | 0.23 | NS | 0.16 | NS |
Trait | 30.5 (8.5) | 34.4 (7.9) | 27.7 (5.2) | 26.5 (5.9) | 13.42 | <.001 | 2.39 | NS | 3.67 | NS |