Skip to main content

Table 4 Substance use, bullying and school connectedness and the continuation of self-harming thoughts/behaviour, for boys and girls

From: Self-harm in young adolescents (12–16 years): onset and short-term continuation in a community sample

Boys

Variable

Level

Self-harm thoughts at time 1

No self-harm thoughts at time 2

Adjusted OR* (95% CI)

Overall p-value

Adjusted OR* (95% CI) from MI

Multiple adjusted ORT (95% CI)

Alcohol

Never/1 or 2x

193

107

1.0

0.515

1.0

1.0

 

2/4 + per mth

103

52

0.85 (0.51, 1.40)

 

1.07 (0.62, 1.83)

0.53 (0.29, 0.98)

Cannabis

Never used

228

117

1.0

0.102

1.0

1.0

 

Used

69

42

1.63 (0.91, 2.91)

 

1.89 (1.09, 3.28)

1.99 (0.98, 4.05)

Drugs

Never used

282

151

1.0

0.285

1.0

1.0

 

Used

17

11

1.77 (0.62, 5.05)

 

2.12 (0.76, 5.86)

1.50 (0.47, 4.76)

Bullied

Never/1 or 2x

240

120

1.0

0.005

1.0

1.0

 

2/3 + per mth

61

43

2.38 (1.30, 4.37)

 

2.44 (1.35, 4.42)

2.12 (1.09, 4.15)

Bullying others

Never

203

101

1.0

0.021

1.0

1.0

 

Regularly

97

62

1.80 (1.09, 2.97)

 

1.72 (1.06, 2.80)

1.57 (0.92, 2.67)

School connectedness

≤24

136

86

1.0

0004

1.0

1.0

 

25+

161

75

0.50 (0.31, 0.80)

 

0.44 (0.28, 0.69)

0.66 (0.40, 1.09)

Alcohol

Never/1 or 2x

74

33

1.0

0.698

1.0

1.0

 

2/4 + per mth

64

28

1.15 (0.56, 2.39)

 

1.37 (0.68, 2.73)

0.93 (0.40, 2.14)

Cannabis

Never used

95

38

1.0

0.060

1.0

1.0

 

Used

42

22

2.19 (0.97,4.95)

 

2.32 (1.05, 5.16)

1.90 (0.72, 4.98)

Drugs

Never used

128

56

1.0

0.242

1.0

1.0

 

Used

11

6

2.20 (0.59, 8.30)

 

2.66 (0.79, 9.02)

1.73 (0.39, 7.58)

Bullied

Never/1 or 2x

110

45

1.0

0.155

1.0

1.0

 

2/3 + per mth

30

17

1.82 (0.80, 4.13)

 

2.10 (0.92, 4.84)

1.95 (0.77, 4.94)

Bullying others

Never

89

37

1.0

0.262

1.0

1.0

 

Regularly

49

25

1.50 (0.74, 3.06)

 

1.32 (0.66, 2.64)

1.15 (0.52, 2.54)

School connectedness

≤24

67

34

1.0

0.154

1.0

1.0

 

25+

73

28

0.61 (0.31, 1.20)

 

0.46 (0.24, 0.87)

1.07 (0.48, 2.39)

Girls

Variable

Level

Self-harm thoughts at time 1

No self-harm thoughts at time 2

Adjusted OR* (95% CI)

Overall p-value

Adjusted OR* (95% CI) from MI

Multiple adjusted OR T (95% CI)

Alcohol

Never/1 or 2x

316

182

1.0

0.001

1.0

1.0

 

2/4 + per mth

146

109

2.16 (1.37. 3.39)

 

2.07 (1.31, 3.27)

1.64 (0.99, 2.71)

Cannabis

Never used

394

234

1.0

<0.001

1.0

1.0

 

Used

68

57

3.48 (1.76, 6.90)

 

2.76 (1.51, 5.06)

2.75 (1.21, 6.21)

Drugs

Never used

441

275

1.0

0.229

1.0

1.0

 

Used

21

16

1.88 (0.67, 5.23)

 

2.07 (0.77, 5.53)

0.50 (0.14, 1.74)

Bullied

Never/1 or 2x

395

239

1.0

0.006

1.0

1.0

 

2/3 + per mth

69

53

2.32 (1.27, 4.24)

 

2.39 (1.31, 4.34)

1.86 (0.96, 3.62)

Bullying others

Never

360

222

1.0

0.299

1.0

1.0

 

Regularly

105

70

1.28 (0.81, 2.02)

 

1.48 (0.95, 2.31)

1.12(0.68, 1.86)

School connectedness

≤24

201

155

1.0

<0.001

1.0

1.0

 

25+

266

138

0.32 (0.21, 0.48)

 

0.30 (0.20, 0.44)

0.36 (0.23, 0.56)

Alcohol

Never/1 or 2x

132

77

1.0

0.276

1.0

1.0

 

2/4 + per mth

98

64

1.36 (0.78, 2.37)

 

1.38 (0.82, 2.32)

1.00 (0.53, 1.90)

Cannabis

Never used

179

102

1.0

0.023

1.0

1.0

 

Used

53

40

2.26 (1.12, 4.59)

 

2.18 (1.17, 4.05)

2.12 (0.88, 5.11)

Drugs

Never used

216

131

1.0

0.483

1.0

1.0

 

Used

17

12

1.47 (0.50, 4.36)

 

1.96 (0.73, 5.25)

0.52 (0.13, 2.03)

Bullied

Never/1 or 2x

196

116

1.0

0.043

1.0

1.0

 

2/3 + per mth

37

28

2.34 (1.03, 5.35)

 

2.51 (1.15, 5.44)

1.53 (0.63, 2.87)

Bullying others

Never

175

102

1.0

0.084

1.0

1.0

 

Regularly

59

42

1.76 (0.93, 3.36)

 

1.35 (0.73, 2.49)

1.84 (0.92, 3.75)

School connectedness

≤24

115

88

1.0

<0.001

1.0

1.0

 

25+

120

57

0.27 (0.15, 0.48)

 

0.26 (0.15, 0.48)

0.30 (0.16, 0.55)

  1. *ORs adjusted for age and trial arm.
  2. TORs adjusted for age, trial arm and all other variables.
  3. MI = Multiple Imputation.