Table 2 Summary of the methodologies used for each selected study
Reference | Design | Methods | Stereotactic space | Statistical threshold | Full-width half-maximum kernel | Type of analysis | P value | Controlling for |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dazzan et al. 2005[77] | Cross-sectional | Comparison of subjects using typical and atypical antipsychotics versus drug-free patients | Talairach | Corr | NA | Whole-brain analysis | P ≤0.002 | Age, gender, duration of illness, total symptom scores, length of treatment, premorbid IQ, years of education |
Girgis et al. 2006[78] | Longitudinal | Comparison between patients using atypical antipsychotics (from baseline to 6-week follow-up) versus healthy controls | Talairach | Unc | 12mm | Whole-brain analysis | P ≤0.001 | Age, gender, follow-up interval, years of education, socioeconomic status, duration of illness, total symptom scores |
Whitford et al. 2006[79] | Longitudinal | Comparison between patients using atypical antipsychotics (at first episode psychosis and at 2-3-year follow-up) versus healthy controls | Talairach | Corr | 12mm | Whole-brain analysis | P < 0.05 | Age, gender, handedness, follow-up interval |
Douaud et al. 2007[80] | Cross-sectional | Comparison of subjects using atypical antipsychotics versus healthy controls | MNI | Corr | 8mm | Whole-brain analysis | P < 0.01 | Age, gender, handedness, socioeconomic status |
Théberge et al. 2007[81] | Longitudinal | Comparison between patients using antipsychotics (at first episode psychosis and at 30-month follow-up) versus healthy controls | Talairach | Corr | 12mm | Whole-brain analysis | P <0.001 | Age, gender, handedness, parental education |
Stip et al. 2009[82] | Longitudinal | Comparison between patients using atypical antipsychotics at baseline and at 5.5-month follow-up | MNI | Corr | 8mm | Whole-brain analysis | P < 0.01 | Non specified |
Tomelleri et al. 2009[83] | Cross-sectional | Comparison of subjects using atypical and typical antipsychotics versus healthy controls | Talairach | Corr | 12mm | Whole-brain analysis | P < 0.01 | Gender, duration of illness, total symptom scores |
Deng et al. 2009[84] | Longitudinal | Comparison between patients using atypical and typical antipsychotics (from baseline to 8-week follow-up) versus healthy controls | MNI | Unc | 8mm | Whole-brain analysis | p<0.001 | Age, gender, height, handedness |
Chua et al. 2009[85] | Cross-sectional | Comparison of subjects using atypical and typical antipsychotics versus drug-free patients | Talairach | Corr | 4.4mm | Whole-brain analysis | p<0.002 | Age, gender, handedness, ethnicity, height, years of education, paternal socio-economic status, total symptom scores |
Molina et al. 2011[86] | Cross-sectional | Comparison of subjects using atypical antipsychotics versus healthy controls | Talairach | Corr | NA | Whole-brain analysis | p< 0.05 | Age, gender, parental socioeconomic status, duration of illness |