Preceding diagnoses to young adult bipolar disorder and schizophrenia in a nationwide study

BMC Psychiatry

Table 1 Lifetime preceding psychiatric disorders and preceding psychiatric disorders with onset in childhood and adolescence in BD and SZ

	Lifetime preceding psychiatric disorders						Preceding psychiatric disorders with onset before age 18
	BD		SZ				BD		SZ
	N	%	N	%	x2	p	N	%	N	%	x2	p
Substance use disorders	126	16.1	449	26.9	35.0	<.001	9	1.1	26	1.6	0.6	.423
Alcohol	60	7.7	136	8.2	0.2	.667	1	0.1	3	0.2	0.0	.764
Cannabis	48	6.1	271	16.3	48.4	<.001	2	0.3	18	1.1	4.5	.034
Opiods	9	1.1	33	2.0	2.2	.139	0	0	0	0	-	-
Psychosis	111	14.2	691	41.5	180.4	<.001	14	1.8	35	2.1	0.3	.605
Affective disorders	365	46.6	466	28.0	82.3	<.001	15	1.9	46	2.8	1.6	.210
Mania	34	4.3	13	0.8	35.9	<.001	1	0.1	1	0.1	0.3	.585
Depressive disorders	325	41.5	450	27.0	51.6	<.001	14	1.8	42	2.5	1.3	.257
Anxiety disorders	69	8.8	187	11.2	3.3	.068	5	0.6	14	0.8	0.3	.595
Reactions to severe stress	206	26.3	444	26.6	0.0	.851	23	2.9	62	3.7	1.0	.321
Acute stress reaction	30	3.8	47	2.8	1.8	.182	2	0.3	3	0.2	0.1	.701
PTSD	10	1.3	41	2.5	3.7	.055	0	0	1	0.1	0.5	.493
Adjustment disorder	149	19.0	307	18.4	0.1	.727	17	2.2	48	2.9	1.0	.307
Personality disorders	171	21.8	374	22.4	0.1	.729	13	1.7	39	2.3	1.2	.275
Paranoid	4	0.5	10	0.6	0.1	.783	0	0	0	0	-	-
Skizoid	2	0.3	26	1.6	8.0	.005	0	0	1	0.1	0.5	.493
Antisocial	6	0.8	34	2.0	5.4	.020	2	0.3	5	0.3	0.0	.846
Borderline	87	10.7	159	9.5	0.8	.363	6	0.8	15	0.9	0.1	.736
ADHD	33	4.2	56	3.5	0.8	.373	9	1.1	12	0.7	1.2	.283
Conduct disorder	13	1.7	52	3.1	4.4	.036	9	1.1	34	2.0	2.5	.117
Any preceding disorder	543	69.3	1277	76.6	15.0	<.001	67	8.5	176	10.6	2.4	.120

BD = bipolar disorders; SZ = schizophrenia; ADHD = attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

ISSN: 1471-244X