Schizophrenia and potentially preventable hospitalizations in the United States: a retrospective cross-sectional study

Table 2 Ambulatory care sensitive (ACS) hospitalizations among medical and surgical hospitalizations for patients with and without schizophrenia, Nationwide Inpatient Sample 2003 to 2008 ^a

	Percent (95% CI)		Odds ratio (95% CI)
	With	Without
Indicator	schizophrenia	schizophrenia
Overall ACS hospitalizations:	20.88 (20.55-21.22)	13.13 (12.89-13.37)	1.75 (1.71-1.79)
Acute ACS hospitalizations:
Bacterial pneumonia	4.87 (4.71-5.03)	1.21 (4.71-5.03)	1.94 (1.87-2.00)
Urinary tract infection	1.65 (1.57-1.73)	1.24 (1.22-1.27)	1.34 (1.27-1.40)
Dehydration	2.57 (2.53-2.62)	0.73 (0.71-0.75)	1.67 (1.58-1.76)
Perforated appendix^b	51.41 (47.47-55.06)	26.71 (26.31-27.12)	2.90 (2.51-3.36)
Composite acute ACS^c	7.57 (7.39-7.76)	4.43 (4.36-4.50)	1.77 (1.72-1.82)
Chronic ACS hospitalizations:
CHF	2.99 (2.85-3.13)	2.30 (2.24-2.37)	1.31 (1.25-1.37)
COPD	3.25 (3.10-3.41)	1.37 (1.33-1.41)	2.42 (2.31-2.53)
Asthma	2.10 (2.00-2.21)	1.58 (1.53-1.63)	1.34 (1.28-1.40)
DM long-term complication	1.70 (1.61-1.78)	1.29 (1.26-1.32)	1.32 (1.26-1.39)
DM short-term complication	1.49 (1.41-1.58)	0.92 (0.90-0.94)	1.63 (1.54-1.73)
Hypertension	0.61 (0.56-0.66)	0.58 (0.56-0.60)	1.05 (0.98-1.13)
Angina without procedure	0.28 (0.25-0.31)	0.41 (0.39-0.43)	0.68 (0.61-0.75)
Lower-extremity amputation^d	1.02 (0.92-1.12)	1.65 (1.61-1.69)	0.61 (0.55-0.67)
Uncontrolled diabetes	0.84 (0.78-0.91)	0.27 (0.25-0.28)	3.15 (2.95-3.36)
Composite chronic ACS	13.31 (13.02-13.6)	8.70 (8.51-8.89)	1.61 (1.57-1.65)

Abbreviations: ACS, ambulatory care sensitive; CHF, congestive heart failure; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; CI, confidence interval.
^a Results are nationally weighted and account for stratified sampling.
^b Among admissions for appendicitis.
^c Does not include admissions for perforated appendix.
^d Among admissions for diabetes.

ISSN: 1471-244X