Table 1 Demographic characteristics of the study sample and associations with PHQ-15 scores (N=5,031)
| N (%) | PHQ-15 score M (SD) | Group differencesap-value | Cohen’s d, effect-size | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | χ2(28)=144.5; p<0.001 | d=0.22 | ||
| Male | 2332 (46.4) | 3.4 (4.0) | ||
| Female | 2699 (53.6) | 4.3 (4.1) | ||
| Age group, yr | χ2(6)=425.1; p<0.001 | d=0.91 | ||
| 14-24 | 564 (11.2) | 2.4 (3.5) | ||
| 25-34 | 630 (12.5) | 2.8 (3.5) | ||
| 35-44 | 938 (18.6) | 3.2 (3.7) | ||
| 45-54 | 871 (17.3) | 3.6 (3.8) | ||
| 55-64 | 844 (16.8) | 4.5 (4.1) | ||
| 65-74 | 792 (15.7) | 4.8 (4.2) | ||
| ≥ 75 | 392 (7.8) | 6.3 (4.9) | ||
| Living with a partner | χ2(28)=34.5; p=0.75 | - | ||
| Yes | 2927 (58.3) | 3.8 (3.9) | ||
| No | 2092 (41.7) | 4.0 (4.2) | ||
| Education | χ2(4)=123.3; p<0.001 | d=0.74 | ||
| None | 91 (1.8) | 5.1 (4.5) | ||
| Highschool | 3878 (77.3) | 3.9 (3.9) | ||
| College | 525 (10.5) | 3.7 (4.0) | ||
| University | 344 (6.9) | 3.3 (3.3) | ||
| Currently student | 181 (3.6) | 2.2 (3.2) | ||
| Unemployment | ||||
| Yes | 297 (5.9) | 4.3 (4.2) | χ2(28)=52.4; p=0.003 | d=0.12 |
| No | 4722 (94.1) | 3.8 (4.1) | ||
| Net household incomeb | ||||
| <1250 € / mo | 1301 (27.3) | 4.8 (4.4) | χ2(2)=143.2; p<0.001 | d=0.45 |
| 1250-<2500 € / mo | 2499 (52.5) | 3.7 (3.9) | ||
| ≥ 2500 € / mo | 964 (20.2) | 2.9 (4.0) |