Physical health measures | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | T0 | T1 | T2 | F | p | |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 53 | 145.1 (14.2)a | 144.4 (15.0)b | 135.8 (15.7)a,b | 17.1 | <.001 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 53 | 75.4 (16.2) | 78.2 (9.4) | 74.3 (9.0) | 3.1 | .07 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 52 | 26.3 (3.6)a | 26.2 (3.5)b | 25.9 (3.4)a,b | 7.0 | <.005 |
Cardiovascular fitness measures | ||||||
Resting heart rate (beats/min) | 53 | 68.2 (10.7)a | 69.6 (13.1)b | 64.6 (10.2)a,b | 11.0 | <.001 |
1 minute recovery heart rate (beats/min) | 52 | 74.8 (14.0)a | 75.6 (15.2)b | 68.8 (11.8)a,b | 14.2 | <.001 |
Cognitive measures | ||||||
Forward digit span | 43 | 9.4 (2.1)a | 9.5 (2.4) | 10.0 (2.3)a | 3.4 | <.05 |
Backwards digit span | 43 | 5.3 (2.1)a | 5.3 (2.0)b | 6.3 (2.3)a,b | 8.6 | <.001 |
TMT-A (sec) | 41 | 50.0 (21.1) | 45.5 (19.3) | 45.9 (19.3) | 2.6 | .09 |
TMT-B (sec) | 43 | 184.5 (138.0) | 192.0 (137.0) | 146.3 (124.9) | 2.6 | .09 |
Letter fluency | 43 | 14.1 (4.8)a | 14.6 (7.3) | 16.3 (5.7)a | 3.4 | .053 |
Category fluency | 43 | 12.7 (4.6)a | 10.5 (4.5)a,b | 13.0 (4.7)b | 7.8 | .001 |
Quality of life and functional abilities | ||||||
WHO-QOL total | 52 | 256 (38) | 252 (43)a | 263 (37)a | 3.3 | <.05 |
ADCS-MCI-ADL | 53 | 45.2 (4.9) | 44.7 (5.4) | 45.5 (7.6) | 0.5 | .54 |