Table 1 Characteristics of the study sample meeting past year (12-month) criteria for major depressive episode as a function of type of outpatient service use by gender (n = 1743)

Mental health service use

600/1084 (55,4%)

346/659 (52,5%)

1.22

(0.92 – 1.36)

OR

CI (95%)

Primary (FP only)

185 (17,1%)

84 (13,2%)

1.00

FP and mental health specialist

275 (25,4%)

175 (26,6%)

1.41

(1.02-1.94)

Mental health specialist only

140 (12,9%)

87 (13,2%)

1.38

(0.95-1.99)

No contact

484 (44,6%)

313 (47,5%)

1.43

(1.06-1.92)

Females

Males

Variables

N (%)

OR

CI (95%)

N (%)

OR

CI (95%)

Predisposing factors

Age

15 – 24

109/249 (43,8)

1.64

(0.89 – 3.02)

51/137 (37,2)

0.49

(0.25 – 0.94)

25 – 44

288/471 (61,1)

3.30

(1.83 – 5.95)

156/279 (55,9)

1.04

(0.57 – 1.92)

45 – 64

185/308 (60,1)

3.15

(1.72 – 5.76)

113/195 (57,9)

1.13

(0.61 – 2.13)

65 +

18/56 (32,1)

Reference

27/49 (55,1)

Reference

Education

< secondary

122/273 (44,7)

Reference

83/164 (50,6)

Reference

secondary

472/800 (59,0)

1.78

(1.35 – 2.35)

261/489 (53,4)

1.11

(0.78 – 1.57)

Marital status

Widow/sep/div/single

348/616 (56,5)

1.12

(0.88 – 1.42)

205/375 (54,7)

1.23

(0.90 – 1.67)

Married/common-law

251/467 (53,7)

Reference

141/284 (49,6)

Reference

Enabling factors

Household adjusted Income

Low

122/200 (61,0)

1.28

(0.94 – 1.76)

61/89 (68,5)

2.22

(1.37 – 3.58)

High

437/797 (54,8)

Reference

266/531 (50,1)

Reference

Social support

No (none/a little/some)

41/77 (53,2)

0.91

(0.57 – 1.45)

46/72 (63,9)

1.67

(1.01 – 2.76)

Yes (most/all the time)

559/1007 (55,5)

Reference

300/587 (51,1)

Reference

Accessibility

No

564/1033 (54,6)

Reference

327/628 (52,1)

Reference

Yes

28/43 (65,1)

1.55

(0.82 – 2.94)

15/27 (55,6)

1.11

(0.52 – 2.39)

Acceptability

No

480/882 (54,4)

Reference

275/514 (53,5)

Reference

Yes

112/194 (57,7)

1.55

(0.84 – 1.57)

68/142 (47,9)

0.79

(0.55 – 1.15)

Availability

No

542/1011 (53,6)

Reference

313/600 (52,2)

Reference

Yes

50/64 (78,1)

3.02

(1.66 – 5.50)

30/56 (53,6)

1.05

(0.61 – 1.82)

Need factors

Chronic illness

No

45/120 (37,5)

Reference

33/115 (28,7)

Reference

Yes

554/962 (57,6)

2.26

(1.53 – 3.34)

313/544 (57,5)

3.34

(2.15 – 5.17)

Anxiety

No

377/746 (50,5)

Reference

190/418 (45,5)

Reference

Yes

197/279 (70,6)

2.34

(1.74 – 3.14)

140/215 (65,1)

2.25

(1.60 – 3.16)

Addictions

No

551/1009 (54.6)

Reference

288/549 (52,5)

Reference

Yes

47/69 (68,1)

1.76

(1.05 – 2.95)

55/106 (51,9)

0.97

(0.64 – 1.47)

Somatic symptoms

Less than 3

130/278 (46,8)

Reference

95/210 (45,2)

Reference

3

470/806 (58,3)

1.59

(1.21 – 2.29)

251/449 (55,9)

1.54

(1.11 – 2.14)

Past year suicide thought or attempt

No

409/819 (49,9)

Reference

222/435 (51,0)

Reference

Yes

191/265 (72,1)

2.60

(1.93 – 3.52)

124/224 (55,4)

1.18

(0.86 – 1.64)

Perceived mental health

Good/fair/poor

505/821 (61,5)

2.76

(2.07 – 3.69)

296/526 (56,3)

2.14

(1.45 – 3.17)

Very good/excellent

95/258 (36,8)

Reference

50/133 (37,6)

Reference