Study | Design, treatment | Setting, characteristics of whole sample | ED pts studied | Control or reference group(s) | Assessment | HRQoL Instrument | Results on general and specific HRQoL measures (> means superior QoL) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Surveys | |||||||
[12] Spitzer et al., 1995 | Two-stage survey | 1000 primary care pts | 30 BED (with 84% psychiatric comorbidity) | 614 without Mental Disorders (MD) | PRIME-MD | SF-20 | • BED (as well other MD) < No-MD. |
• BED < non-BED on social functioning and bodily pain | |||||||
[18] Hay 2003 | Comunity survey | 3010 out of 4400 (response rate 70%) | 78 BED, 60 subj with extreme weight control behaviors (EWCB) | Australian normative sample | EDE | SF-36, AQoL | • BED and EWCB < Normative on MCS |
[19] Doll et al., 2005 | Postal survey | 1439 out of 3750 students (response rate 42%) | 83 (5.8% of respondents) with ED (54 BN, 22 BED, 7 AN) | 1148 non-ED subjects | Ad-hoc questionnaire based on DSM-IV | SF-36 | • ED < non-ED subj on MCS, but not on PCS. |
• BN and BED < non-ED subj on MCS | |||||||
[20] Herpetz-Dahlmann et al., 2008 | Community survey | 1895 adolescents | 400 ED not classified according DSM criteria | 1495 non-ED | SCOFF, not confirmed by interview | KINDL-R | • ED < non-ED |
[21] Vallance et al., 2011 | Cross-sectional study | Recruitment at the university campus and in newspapers | 103 women with 2+ episodes of binge eating per month | 109 women with <2 episodes of binge eating per month | EDE-Q, EDI-2 | SF-36 | • High frequency of binge eating predicted poorer QoL |
[22] Mond et al., 2012 | Two stage community study | 324 interviewed at the second stage | 159 ED (30 BN, 20 BED, 109 EDNOS) | 232 healthy women from different survey in same area | EDE-Q + EDE | SF- 12, WHOQOL-BREF | • ED < Healthy women on MCS |
[23] Mitchison et al., 2013 | Population survey | 3034 out of 5000 selected (response rate 60.7%) | 89 AN (2.9% of respondents) | 2945 subj with no history of AN | Interview based on EDE | SF-36 | • AN < other subj on most domains, including MCS. |
• Subj with history of AN < other subj on MCS but not on PCS. | |||||||
• Impairment on social functioning and role limitations greater with current ED symptoms | |||||||
Cross-sectional studies | |||||||
ED patients | |||||||
[24] Keilen et al., 1994 | Cross-sectional study | ED outpatient center | 126 ED (52 AN, 74 BN) | 98 males with angina; 122 hearth transplant candidates; 54 cystic fibrosis pts; 91 students | Clinical interview (DSM-III-R) | NHP | • Specific differences between ED and pts with organic diseases |
[10] Padierna et al., 2000 | Cross-sectional study | ED outpatient center | 197 ED (116 AN, 64 BN, 17 BED) | Norm-based scoring of Spanish general population | Clinical interview (DSM-IV) | SF-36 | • ED pts < normative population. |
• BED < other ED on physical functioning | |||||||
[25] Gonzalez-Pinto et al., 2004 | Cross-sectional study | ED outpatient center | 47 AN | No control | SCID I and II | SF-36 | • Predictive variables for PCS: poor outcome in previous year, comorbidity and female gender. |
• For MCS: comorbidity and purging behaviors | |||||||
[7] De La Rie et al., 2005 | Cross-sectional study | Mixed: population via advertisements and ED centers | 156 ED pts (44 AN, 43 BN, 69 EDNOS) and 148 former ED pts | Dutch normative population and 591 Mood Disorders (MD) pts | DSM-IV diagnosis based on EDE-Q + BMI and menstrual status | SF-36 | • No diff among ED groups. |
• ED < normative. | |||||||
• Former ED < normative. ED < MD | |||||||
[11] Mond et al., 2005 | Cross-sectional study | Pts referred to ED treatment program | 87 ED pts (34 AN, 40 BN, 10 EDNOS) | 495 general population women | Clinical assessment + EDE-Q | WHOQoL-BREF | • ED pts < normative subjects. |
• Restricting AN pts > other patient groups. | |||||||
• BED < other patients on PCS | |||||||
[26] Engel et al., 2006 | Cross-sectional study to validate EDQOL | 538 recruited sample of student | 155 ED, 56 diet/exercise | Validation across groups, including 327 non-ED subj | SCID + EDE + EAT-26 | EDQOL, SF-36 | • All EDQOL subscale scores differed between groups, with greater impairment in ED pts. |
• EDQOL more sensitive than SF-36 when predicting group status (ED vs. diet/exercise) | |||||||
[27] De La Rie et al., 2007 | Cross-sectional study | Mixed: population via advertisements and ED centers | 146 ED pts (44 AN, 43 BN, 59 EDNOS) | 146 former ED | DSM-IV diagnosis based on EDE-Q + BMI and menstrual status | SEIQOL | • ED with poor QoL on all life domains. |
• Former ED pts > ED pts on most domains (but ratings just above average) | |||||||
[28] Latner et al., 2008 | Cross-sectional study | ED outpatient center | 11 AN, 5 BN, 3 BED, 30 EDNOS, 4 non-ED | New Zealand normative population | EDE-Q | SF-36 | ED < normative on MCS. |
• QoL general and PCS predicted by subjective bulimic episodes | |||||||
[29] Bamford & Sly, 2010 | Cross-sectional study | ED outpatient center | 156 ED (80 AN, 40 BN, 36 EDNOS) | Comparison across ED groups | EDE-Q | EDQOL | • AN < BN and EDNOS on psychological and physical/cognitive domains |
Baiano et al., present study | Cross-sectional study | ED center (in- and out-patients) | 80 ED (26 BN; 33 AN; 7 BED; 14 EDNOS) | Comparison across ED groups | Clinical interview (DSM-IV) | WHOQoL-BREF | • No diff among ED groups. EDNOS > other groups on psychological health QoL |
Obese patients | |||||||
[30] Hsu et al., 2002 | Cross-sectional study | 37 subj awaiting GBP | 9 BED | 28 non-BED | EDE, TFEQ, SCID-IV | SF-36 | • BED < non-BED |
[31] De Zwaan et al., 2002 | Cross-sectional study on pre and post-operative patients | 78 obese surgical pts | 78 obese (9 BED) after GBP surgery | 110 preoperative control group (19 BED) | Phone interview + MFED + QWEPR | SF-36 | • Postoperative pts > preoperative pts. |
• Postoperative pts < US norm values on PCS | |||||||
[32] Masheb & Grilo, 2004 | Cross-sectional study | Pts undergoing a medical school based ED treatment | 94 BED | US normative population and Obeses without binges (n = 312) | Clinical interview (DSM-IV) | SF-36 | • BED < normative. |
• BED < non-BED on PCS | |||||||
[33] Kolotkin et al., 2004 | Cross-sectional study | 530 obese candidates to residential modification program | 95 BED | 435 non-BED | Questionnaire on Eating/Weight Patterns; BDI; SC90-R | IWQOL-Lite | • BED = non-BED when other variables are considered |
[34] Rieger et al., 2005 | Cross-sectional study within a RCT | 118 treatment-seeking obese subj | 56 BED | 62 non-BED | EDE, PRIME-MD | IWQOL-Lite | • BED < non-BED on total scale, but not on physical function subscale |
[35] Colles et al., 2008 | Cross-sectional study | 180 bariatric surgery candidates, 93 participants to a weight loss support group, 158 community respondents | 38 BED, 46 subj with feelings of loss of control (LOC) during binge episodes | 307 non-binge eaters | QEWP-R + semistructured interview or phone interview | SF-36 | • BED < non-BED on MCS |
[36] Folope et al., 2012 | Cross-sectional study | 130 obese in clinical nutrition center | 73 ED | 57 non-ED | SCOFF-F + BULIT, not confirmed by a diagnosis | QOLOD | • ED < non-ED, globally and on psychological dimension |
[37] Ranzenhofer et al., 2012 | Cross-sectional study | 158 obese adolescents selected for weight-loss treatment | 35 binge eating (6 proper BED) | 123 non-binge eaters | EDE | IWQOL-A | • Binge eating < no-binge eating. |
• Girls with binge eating < boys with binge eating | |||||||
Cohort studies | |||||||
Survey | |||||||
[38] Wade et al., 2012 | Longitudinal multi-wave survey | 9,688 population of women | 2223 ED | 7465 non-ED | Ad-hoc questionnaire, EDE-Q, not confirmed by interview | SF-36 | • ED < non-ED, globally and on PCS and MCS |
ED outpatient treatments | |||||||
[39] Padierna et al., 2002 | 2 years cohort study | ED outpatient center | 131 ED (90 AN, 41 BN) | Spanish normative population | Clinical interview (DSM-IV) | SF-36 | • Improvement in PCS and social function, followed by MCS. |
• Scores after 2 years still below normative population. | |||||||
• Severity of ED affected improvement | |||||||
[40] Muñoz et al., 2009 | Cohort study (baseline, after 1 year) | 358 subj in treatment programs in Health centers | 61 AN, 47 BN, 245 EDNOS | 305 general population women | Clinical interview (DSM-IV) | HeRQoLED, SF-36 | • ED < general population. |
• After 1 year PCS improved but not MCS. | |||||||
• AN < other ED at baseline, and smaller improvements after 1 year | |||||||
[41] Adair et al., 2010 | Cohort study (baseline, 3 and 6 months follow-ups) to validate EDQLS | ED treatment programs | 130 ED pts (56 AN, 39 BN, 35 EDNOS) | QoL measures at different point in time | Clinical | EDQLS, Quality of Life Inventory, SF-12 | • EDQLS total scores increased at 3 and 6 months. |
• EDQLS responsiveness exceeded that of other QoL instruments | |||||||
Specific treatments | |||||||
[42] Marchesini et al., 2002 | Intervention study (3–5 months CBT) | 96 obese enrolled in a CBT program | 46 BED (44% of sample) | 76 untreated controls in waiting list | Interview, BES, EDE | SF-36 | • Treated subjects improved in QoL, with improvement larger in BED, both in general scores and in PCS and MCS |
[43] Nickel et al., 2005 | Intervention study (10 weeks RCT with topiramate) | 60 BN women recruited through advertisements | 30 BN on topiramate | 30 BN on placebo | SCID-I and SCD-II | SF-36 | • Topiramate improved QOL to a greater extent than placebo |
[44] Wilfley et al., 2008 | Intervention study (24 weeks RCT with sibutramine) | 304 BED recruited through advertisements | 152 BED on sibutramine | 152 BED on Placebo | EDE | IWQOL-Lite | • Sibutramine efficaciuos on psychopathology but not on QoL |
Residential treatments | |||||||
[45] Abraham et al., 2006 | Cohort study (baseline, at discharge and 12 months follow-up) | In-patient in ED center | 206 ED pts (71 AN, 55 BN, 80 EDNOS) | 35 subj without diagnosis | Clinical interview | EEE-C QOLscores, SF12 | • QoL improved during inpatient treatment and between admission and 12 months after discharge. |
• AN, BN and EDNOS < no diagnosis. | |||||||
• Specific differences among ED groups on some dimensions | |||||||
[46] McHugh, 2007 | Prospective residential cohort study | ED residential center | 65 AN (33 high Readiness for Change - RFC - females vs. 32 low RFC females) | Comparison between high- and low-RFC | Clinical interview (DSM-IV) | SF-36 v2 | • Participants’ QoL below US average. |
• 81% discharged below the US average. | |||||||
• No diff between RFC and non-RFC | |||||||
Surgical interventions | |||||||
[47] Green et al., 2004 | Cohort study | 65 surgical (GBP) pts | 33 BED | 32 non-BED | ED-SCID, QWEP-R | SF-36 | • QoL improved from pre-surgery to post-surgery. |
• BED < non-BED on social functioning at pre-surgery and after 6 months postsurgery |