From: Metabolic syndrome among psychiatric outpatients with mood and anxiety disorders
Yes† | No | p | Odds ratio (95% CI) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bipolar I | 46.7 (7/15) | 20.6 (44/214) | 0.03 | 3.38 (1.16–9.23) |
Bipolar II | 25.0 (4/16) | 22.1 (47/213) | 0.76 | 1.18 (0.36–3.82) |
Major depressive disorder | 22.0 (31/141) | 22.7 (20/88) | 1.00 | 0.96 (0.51–1.81) |
Any anxiety disorders | 18.4 (26/141) | 28.4 (25/88) | 0.10 | 0.57 (0.30–1.07) |
Alcohol abuse or dependence | 33.3 (14/42) | 19.8 (37/187) | 0.07 | 2.03 (0.97–4.23) |
Age > 45 years | 29.7 (35/118) | 14.4 (16/111) | < 0.01 | 2.50 (1.29–4.85) |
Exercise | 26.5 (27/102) | 18.9 (24/127) | 0.20 | 1.55 (0.83–2.89) |
Smoking | 20.0 (12/60) | 23.1 (39/169) | 0.72 | 0.83 (0.40–1.72) |
Weight gain | 29.3 (39/133) | 12.5 (12/96) | < 0.01 | 2.90 (1.43–5.91) |
Use of antipsychotics | 34.0 (18/53) | 18.8 (33/176) | 0.02 | 2.23 (1.13–4.41) |
Use of mood stabilizers | 35.7 (10/28) | 20.4 (41/201) | 0.09 | 2.17 (0.93–5.05) |
Use of antidepressants | 22.0 (45/205) | 25.0 (6/24) | 0.80 | 0.84 (0.32–2.25) |
Parents’ history of diabetes mellitus | 30.4 (21/69) | 18.7 (30/160) | 0.06 | 1.90 (0.99-3.63) |
History of suicide attempt | 25.7 (18/70) | 20.8 (33/159) | 0.49 | 1.32 (0.68-2.55) |
History of psychiatric admission | 45.0 (9/20) | 20.1 (42/209) | 0.02 | 3.25 (1.27-8.36) |