Table 1 Studies of CMD in Ethiopia over the past 40 years

First Generation studies

[76]

Urban

Urban health centre

500

Psychiatrist

CPM

19.0%

Urban

Community

100

Psychiatrist

CPM

8.6%

[77]

Rural

Community

100

Psychiatrist

CPM

9.0%

[78]

Urban

General hospital clinic

795

Psychiatrist

CPM

6.8%

Urban

Police Hospital clinic

486

Psychiatrist

CPM

16.2%

[79]

Urban

District hospital clinic

465

Psychiatrist

CPM

18.3%

Second Generation Studies

[80]

Urban

Community

40

SRQ-20

Cut-off ≥5

12.0%

[38]

Urban

Community (Mothers only)

611

SRQ-20

Cut-off ≥11

9.8%

[39]

Rural

Community

2000

SRQ-20

Cut-off ≥11

11.2%

[33]

Rural

Community

10468

SRQ-20

Cut-off ≥11

17.4%

[37]

Urban

Community

10203

SRQ-20

Cut-off ≥6

11.7%

[81]

Mixed

Community (Mothers only)

1400

SRQ-20

Cut-off ≥8

22.0%

[34, 36]

Mixed

Community (Mothers only)

1652

SRQ-20

Cut-off ≥8

32.0%

[35]*

Rural

Community

902

HSCL

42.0% in women, 37.0% in men

[82]

Rural

Community (antenatal)

1065

SRQ-20

Cut-off ≥5

12.0%

[1]

Rural

Community (postnatal)

954

SRQ-20

Cut-off ≥5

4.6%

Third Generation Studies

[41]

Rural

Community

501

CIDI 1-month

Dissociative disorders

4.5%

Somatoform disorders

4.8%

Anxiety disorders

2.9%

Depressive disorder/dysthymia

4.9%

[46, 47]

Urban

Community

1420

CIDI 1-month

Dissociative, somatoform or anxiety disorder

8.1%

1420

CIDI 1-month

Depressive disorder/dysthymia

3.6%

[42, 43]

Rural

Community (all women)

3016

CIDI 12-month

Depressive disorder

4.4%

Anxiety disorder

5.7%

Stress-related/somatoform

5.7%

Community (married women)

1994

CIDI (12-month)

Depressive disorder

4.8%

[44]

Rural

Community

68378

CIDI (lifetime)

Minor depressive disorder

2.2%

[45]

Rural Island

Community

1714

CIDI (lifetime)

Minor depressive disorder

20.5