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Table 4 Hierarchical multiple regression analyses predicting PTSD symptoms from perinatal variables (Model 1), birth-related (Model 2), social support (Model 3) and cognitive variables (Model 4)

From: Predictors of posttraumatic stress symptoms following childbirth

Predictor

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 4

R 2= .11, Δ R 2= .11***

R 2= .43, Δ R 2= .33***

R 2= .44, Δ R 2= .01

R 2= .68, Δ R 2= .23***

 

B

SE B

β

B

SEB

β

B

SE B

β

B

SE B

β

Constant

2.95***

  

1.54*

  

2.51**

  

-.10

  

Block1: prenatal variables

            

Age

-.04

.02

-.13*

-.04

.02

-.11*

-.04

.02

-.11*

-.01

.01

-.04

Previous sexual trauma

.36

.28

.09

.17

.23

.04

.16

.23

.04

.15

.18

.04

Other previous trauma

.36

.22

.11

.13

.18

.04

.10

.18

.03

-.13

.14

-.04

Complications during pregnancy

.34

.22

.11

.09

.18

.03

.10

.18

.04

.09

.14

.03

Wellbeing during pregnancy

-.21

.10

-.15*

-.17

.09

-.12

-.17

.09

-.12

-.08

.07

-.05

Block 2: birth-related variables

            

Perceived life threata

   

.11

.23

.03

.14

.23

.04

.26

.18

.07

Peritraumatic Emotions (PEQ)

   

.04

.01

.35***

.04

.01

.32***

-.01

.01

-.08

Normal Vaginal Birth

   

-.13

.24

-.04

-.14

.24

-.04

-.22

.19

-.07

Secondary Section or Emergency Section

   

-.03

.31

-.01

-.01

.30

.00

.04

.24

.01

Complications During Childbed

   

-.01

.18

.00

.02

.18

.01

.11

.14

.04

Wellbeing During Childbed

   

-.38

.09

-.29***

-.37

-.09

-.28***

-.21

.07

-.16**

Block 3: social support

            

Quality of social support (UCLA)

      

-.02

.02

-.06

-.01

.01

-.01

Quantity of social support (UCLA)

      

-.01

.01

-.07

-.01

.01

-.03

Block 4: cognitive variables

            

Dissociation (PDEQ)

         

.02

.01

.08

PTCI

         

.01

<.01

.17*

RIQ: Rumination

         

.07

.02

.22**

RIQ: Thought Supression

         

.09

.03

.20**

PTQ

         

.02

.01

.23***

  1. Note. N = 224. Total R 2 = .68. PDS = Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale – square transformed, PEQ = Peritraumatic Emotions Questionnaire; UCLA = University of California, Los Angeles Social Support Inventory; PDEQ = Peritraumatic Dissociative Experience Questionnaire; PTCI = Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory; RIQ = Responses to Intrusions Questionnaire; PTQ = Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire.
  2. aConcern for one’s life or the baby’s life.
  3. *p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001.