Association of serum leptin and ghrelin with depressive symptoms in a Japanese working population: a cross-sectional study

Akter, Shamima; Pham, Ngoc Minh; Nanri, Akiko; Kurotani, Kayo; Kuwahara, Keisuke; Jacka, Felice N; Yasuda, Kazuki; Sato, Masao; Mizoue, Tetsuya

doi:10.1186/1471-244X-14-203

Table 3 Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for depressive symptoms according to tertiles of leptin and ghrelin

From: Association of serum leptin and ghrelin with depressive symptoms in a Japanese working population: a cross-sectional study

	Men				Women				P for interaction^g
	T1 (low)	T2	T3 (high)	Trend P ^a	T1 (low)	T2	T3 (high)	Trend P ^a	P for interaction^g
Leptin (ng/mL)
Median serum leptin (ng/mL)	0.56	1.36	3.16		0.96	2.95	5.65
CES-D (15/16)
With^b/without depressive symptoms^c (n)	26/70	23/73	27/68		27/43	20/50	23/47
Age- and workplace-adjusted OR (95% CI)	1.00	0.89 (0.46 - 1.71)	1.12 (0.59 - 2.12)	0.73	1.00	0.55 (0.26 - 1.16)	0.64 (0.30 - 1.36)	0.27
Multivariable-adjusted OR (95% CI)^d	1.00	0.98 (0.48 - 1.99)	1.33 (0.58 - 3.09)	0.52	1.00	0.41 (0.17 - 0.97)	0.47 (0.18 - 1.23)	0.14	0.18
CES-D (18/19)
With^e/without depressive symptoms^f (n)	20/76	15/81	19/75		20/50	13/57	17/53
Age- and workplace-adjusted OR (95% CI)	1.00	0.72 (0.34 - 1.51)	0.97 (0.47 - 1.96)	0.92	1.00	0.51 (0.22 - 1.19)	0.75 (0.34 - 1.69)	0.35
Multivariable-adjusted OR (95% CI)^d	1.00	0.83 (0.37 - 1.87)	1.28 (0.50 - 3.25)	0.64	1.00	0.34 (0.13 - 0.92)	0.51 (0.18 - 1.47)	0.16	0.21
Ghrelin (ng/mL)
Median serum ghrelin (ng/mL)	0.32	0.54	0.89		0.41	0.78	1.20
CES-D (15/16)
With^b/without depressive symptoms^c (n)	28/68	25/71	23/72		20/50	22/48	28/42
Age- and workplace-adjusted OR (95% CI)	1.00	0.83 (0.44 - 1.58)	0.78 (0.40 - 1.50)	0.45	1.00	1.19 (0.57 - 2.46)	1.72 (0.84 - 3.55)	0.14
Multivariable-adjusted OR (95% CI)^d	1.00	0.68 (0.34 - 1.38)	0.74 (0.36 - 1.51)	0.40	1.00	1.71 (0.76 - 3.86)	2.69 (1.16 - 6.28)	0.02	0.15
CES-D (18/19)
With^e/without depressive symptoms^f (n)	20/76	16/80	19/76		17/53	17/53	19/51
Age- and workplace-adjusted OR (95% CI)	1.00	0.62 (0.29 - 1.29)	0.74 (0.36 - 1.53)	0.41	1.00	1.13 (0.50 - 2.55)	1.35 (0.60 - 3.08)	0.25
Multivariable-adjusted OR (95% CI)^d	1.00	0.47 (0.21 - 1.06)	0.79 (0.37 - 1.70)	0.52	1.00	1.45 (0.60 - 3.49)	2.76 (1.71 - 5.37)	0.03	0.22

Abbreviation: OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval.
^aBased on multiple logistic regression analysis, with ordinal numbers 1–3 assigned to tertile categories of leptin and ghrelin.
^bDefined as a Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale score of ≥16.
^cDefined as a Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale score of <16.
^dAdjusted for age (year, continuous), workplace (A or B), marital status (married or unmarried), job position (low, medium, or high), occupational physical activity (active or sedentary), non-occupational physical activity (0, >0 to <2 hours/week, or ≥2 hours/week), current smoking (yes or no), alcohol drinking (yes or no), total energy intake (kcal/day), body mass index (kg/m², continuous), logarithmic serum folate (ng/mL, continuous), and logarithmic serum ferritin (μg/L, continuous).
^eDefined as a Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale score of ≥19.
^fDefined as a Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale score of <19.
^gP value for interaction between sex and adipokines with depressive symptoms was assessed using the likelihood ratio test.

Back to article page

ISSN: 1471-244X

Contact us

Submission enquiries: bmcpsychiatry@biomedcentral.com
General enquiries: ORSupport@springernature.com

BMC Psychiatry

Contact us