|
Demographic characteristics
|
|
Age (years)
| | |
<.001
|
|
5-6 (2534, 12.4%)
|
196 (7.7)
|
1.00
| |
|
7- (3781, 18.6%)
|
343 (9.1)
|
1.19 (0.99-1.43)
|
.063
|
|
8- (3817, 18.7%)
|
351 (9.2)
|
1.18 (0.98-1.42)
|
.074
|
|
9- (3781, 18.2%)
|
377 (10.0)
|
1.32 (1.10-1.58)
|
.002
|
|
10- (3703, 17.1%)
|
370 (10.0)
|
1.32 (1.10-1.58)
|
003
|
|
11- (2762, 13.6%)
|
298 (10.9)
|
1.44 (1.19-1.74)
|
<.001
|
|
Gender (%)
| | | |
|
Boys (10095, 49.5%)
|
1005 (10.0)
|
1.13 (1.03-1.24)
|
.013
|
|
Girls (10306, 50.5%)
|
921 (8.9)
|
1.00
| |
|
Ethnicity
| | | |
|
Han ethnic group (19346, 94.9%)
|
1809 (9.4)
|
1.00
| |
|
Minority ethnic group (1038, 5.1%)
|
114 (11.0)
|
1.20 (0.98-1.46)
|
.080
|
|
Socioeconomic characteristics
|
|
Family income
| | |
<.001
|
|
<800 (3903, 19.3%)
|
567 (14.5)
|
2.57 (2.22-2.98)
|
<.001
|
|
800-2500 (11460, 56.6%)
|
1033 (9.0)
|
1.50 (1.31-1.71)
|
<.001
|
|
≥2500 (4902, 24.2%)
|
304 (6.2)
|
1.00
| |
|
Family structure
| | |
<.001
|
|
Single parent family (1081, 5.3%)
|
150 (13.9)
|
1.53 (1.27-1.83)
|
<.001
|
|
Large family (6478, 31.7%)
|
551 (8.5)
|
0.88 (0.79-0.98)
|
.019
|
|
Nuclear family (12852, 63.0%)
|
1226 (9.5)
|
1.00
| |
|
Mather’s education level
| | |
<.001
|
|
Low (5687, 28.2%)
|
853 (15.0)
|
2.91 (2.58-3.28)
|
<.001
|
|
Medium (6716, 33.3%)
|
589 (8.8)
|
1.58 (1.39-1.80)
|
<.001
|
|
High (7741, 38.4%)
|
443 (5.7)
|
1.00
| |
|
Father’s education level
| | |
<.001
|
|
Low (4884, 24.0%)
|
764 (15.6)
|
2.86 (2.54-3.22)
|
<.001
|
|
Medium (6969, 34.2%)
|
639 (9.2)
|
1.56 (1.38-1.76)
|
<.001
|
|
High (8538, 41.9%)
|
520 (6.1)
|
1.00
| |
|
Biological chronic health problems
|
|
Overweight/obesity
| | | |
|
Yes (4119, 20.6%)
|
660 (16.2)
|
1.87 (1.42-2.48)
|
<.001
|
|
No (15878, 79.4%)
|
1471 (9.3)
|
1.00
| |
|
Chronic pain during night
| | | |
|
Yes (1362, 6.7%)
|
299 (22.0)
|
3.03 (2.64-3.47)
|
<.001
|
|
No (18995, 93.3%)
|
1616 (8.5)
|
1.00
| |
|
History of ADHD diagnosis
| | | |
|
Yes (921, 4.5%)
|
151 (16.4)
|
1.95 (1.63-2.34)
|
<.001
|
|
No (19568, 95.5%)
|
1787 (9.1)
|
1.00
| |
|
Chronic respiratory condition
| | | |
|
Yes (7000, 34.2%)
|
754 (10.8)
|
1.26 (1.14-1.39)
|
<.001
|
|
No (13457, 65.8%)
|
1178 (8.8)
|
1.00
| |
|
Food/drug allergy
| | | |
|
Yes (1160, 5.7%)
|
122 (10.5)
|
1.13 (0.93-1.38)
|
.046
|
|
No (19331, 94.3%)
|
1816 (9.4)
|
1.00
| |
|
Psychosocial condition
|
|
Poor mental and emotional condition
| | | |
|
Yes (6856, 33.4%)
|
844 (12.3)
|
1.61 (1.46-1.77)
|
<.001
|
|
No (13649, 66.6%)
|
1097 (8.0)
|
1.00
| |
|
Poor peer acceptance/social functioning
| | | |
|
Yes (5685, 27.7%)
|
663 (11.7)
|
1.40 (1.27-1.55)
|
<.001
|
|
No (14820, 72.3%)
|
1278 (8.6)
|
1.00
| |
|
Poor parenthood
| | | |
|
Yes (6495, 31.7%)
|
762 (11.7)
|
1.45 (1.31-1.59)
|
<.001
|
|
No (14010, 68.35%)
|
1179 (8.4)
|
1.00
| |
|
Sleep environments
|
|
Sleep arrangements
| | |
.215
|
|
Bed-sharing (4817, 23.5%)
|
477 (9.9)
|
1.09 (0.97-1.22)
|
.145
|
|
Room-sharing (3035, 14.8%)
|
302 (10.0)
|
1.09 (0.96-1.25)
|
.192
|
|
Sleeping alone (12653, 61.7%)
|
1162 (9.2)
|
1.00
| |
|
Bedroom intrusive noise
| | | |
|
Yes (861, 4.2%)
|
112 (13.0)
|
1.46 (1.19-1.79)
|
<.001
|
|
No (19577, 95.8%)
|
1821 (9.3)
|
1.00
| |
|
Bedroom intrusive light
| | | |
|
Yes (2173, 10.6%)
|
279 (13.0)
|
1.51 (1.32-1.72)
|
<.001
|
|
No (17880, 89.4%)
|
1660 (9.1)
|
1.00
| |
|
Bedtime hygiene
|
|
Having drinks with caffeine after 6:00 pm
| | | |
|
Usually/often (7935, 38.8%)
|
892 (11.2)
|
1.39 (1.27-1.53)
|
<.001
|
|
Occasionally/never (12512, 61.2%)
|
1043 (8.3)
|
1.00
| |
|
Dong exciting activities before bedtime
| | | |
|
Usually/often (6092, 29.8%)
|
758 (12.4)
|
1.59 (1.44-1.75)
|
<.001
|
|
Occasionally/never (14331, 70.2%)
|
1179 (8.2)
|
1.00
| |
|
Bedtime resistance
| | | |
|
Yes (14421, 71.7%)
|
1528 (10.6)
|
1.65 (1.47-1.85)
|
<.001
|
|
No (5690, 28.3%)
|
382 (6.7)
|
1.00
| |
|
Irregular bedtime
| | | |
|
Yes (5952, 29.1%)
|
653 (11.0)
|
1.27 (1.15-1.40)
|
<.001
|
|
No (14518, 70.8%)
|
1285 (8.9)
|
1.00
| |
|
Family history of insomnia
|
|
Grandparents’ history of insomnia
| | | |
|
Yes (1778, 8.7%)
|
179 (10.1)
|
1.08 (0.92-1.27)
|
.365
|
|
No (18727, 91.3%)
|
1762 (9.4)
|
1.00
| |
|
Parents’ history of insomnia
| | | |
|
Yes (3369, 16.4%)
|
455 (13.5)
|
1.64 (1.47-1.84)
|
<.001
|
|
No (17136, 83.6%)
|
1486 (8.7)
|
1.00
| |
