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Table 4 Selected logistic regressions for 12-month suicidal ideation by remoteness, comparing 2007-NSMHWB and ARMHS samples

From: Determinants of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts: parallel cross-sectional analyses examining geographical location

Characteristic (predictor or exposure variable)

Category

2007-NSMHWB#

ARMHS#

Major cities (n = 5388) n (%)

Inner Regional (n = 1943) n (%)

Other (n = 1132) n (%)

AOR

p-value

Inner Regional

(n = 251)

n (%)

Other (n = 383) n (%)

AOR

p-value

Demographic factors Age in years

          

18-44

93 (3.4)

20 (2.5)

15 (3.1)

.

.

9 (15)

5 (6.4)

.

.

45-64

41 (2.7)

19 (2.9)

10 (2.8)

0.87

0.381

11 (8.1)

8 (3.9)

0.57

0.143

65-85

11 (1.0)

9 (1.8)

4 (1.4)

0.58

0.023

2 (3.6)

3 (3.0)

0.40

0.105

Gender

Male

53 (2.2)

24 (2.7)

14 (2.7)

.

.

10 (9.7)

6 (4.1)

.

.

Female

92 (3.1)

24 (2.3)

15 (2.4)

0.93

0.606

12 (8.1)

10 (4.2)

0.83

0.596

Marital status

Not married

116 (4.0)

34 (3.6)

25 (4.1)

.

.

12 (13)

9 (6.6)

.

.

Currently married

29 (1.2)

14 (1.4)

4 (0.8)

0.43

<0.001

10 (6.3)

7 (2.9)

0.65

0.218

Education

No university degree

92 (2.8)

38 (2.7)

18 (2.1)

.

.

17 (9.2)

12 (3.8)

.

.

University degree

53 (2.5)

10 (1.9)

11 (4.2)

1.0

0.969

5 (7.6)

4 (6.2)

1.1

0.805

Employment status

Employed

78 (2.3)

21 (1.8)

15 (2.2)

.

.

9 (7.2)

9 (4.3)

.

.

Not in Workforce

7 (5.9)

1 (3.0)

3 (8.3)

1.5

0.011

10 (8.6)

7 (4.3)

1.6

0.249

Unemployed

60 (3.3)

26 (3.4)

11 (2.6)

1.8

0.095

3 (33)

 

2.0

0.338

Financial adversity

Low

88 (1.9)

26 (1.6)

12 (1.3)

.

.

7 (4.9)

7 (3.2)

 

.

Moderate

38 (6.2)

14 (6.3)

12 (7.7)

1.7

0.001

7 (15)

4 (5.7)

1.7

0.217

High

19 (16)

8 (15)

5 (19)

2.9

<0.001

3 (17)

3 (11)

1.3

0.601

Physical health

          

Smoking

No

85 (2.0)

31 (2.1)

18 (2.1)

.

.

15 (8.5)

8 (3.1)

 

.

Yes

60 (5.4)

17 (3.8)

11 (3.9)

1.4

0.033

3 (8.1)

7 (12)

1.1

0.794

Number of chronic diseases

0

101 (2.7)

26 (2.2)

22 (3.1)

.

.

13 (9.2)

10 (4.6)

.

.

1

27 (2.2)

14 (2.6)

3 (1.0)

0.85

0.391

6 (6.9)

5 (4.1)

1.0

0.988

> = 2

17 (3.5)

8 (3.4)

4 (3.1)

1.4

0.161

3 (13)

1 (2.2)

1.2

0.787

Mental health

          

Psychological distress (K10)

Low

20 (0.5)

3 (0.2)

5 (0.6)

.

.

1 (1.4)

 

.

.

Moderate

59 (4.8)

18 (4.1)

13 (5.2)

9.7

<0.001

7 (5.4)

8 (4.2)

8.9

0.036

High

66 (20)

26 (22)

10 (18)

50

<0.001

14 (27)

8 (11)

36

<0.001

Any affective disorder

No lifetime diagnosis

70 (1.5)

22 (1.3)

11 (1.2)

.

.

7 (3.8)

6 (2.0)

 

.

Lifetime diagnosis with 12-month symptoms

63 (20)

21 (19)

14 (21)

3.9

<0.001

13 (33)

6 (16)

5.5

<0.001

Lifetime diagnosis with no 12-month symptoms

12 (2.5)

5 (2.9)

4 (3.7)

0.97

0.895

2 (7.7)

4 (10)

2.7

0.057

Any anxiety disorder

No lifetime diagnosis

58 (1.5)

20 (1.4)

11 (1.3)

.

.

5 (3.6)

3 (1.3)

.

.

Lifetime diagnosis with 12-month symptoms

75 (10)

23 (9.0)

18 (11)

2.0

<0.001

16 (21)

8 (9.1)

4.3

0.001

Lifetime diagnosis with no 12 month symptoms

12 (1.8)

5 (2.0)

0 (0.0)

0.62

0.083

1 (2.7)

5 (7.9)

2.4

0.121

Any substance use disorder

No lifetime diagnosis

88 (2.1)

24 (1.7)

15 (1.9)

.

.

13 (6.7)

7 (2.5)

.

.

Lifetime diagnosis with 12 month symptoms

29 (11)

9 (11)

7 (13)

2.9

<0.001

4 (50)

5 (45)

11

<0.001

 

Lifetime diagnosis with no 12 month symptoms

28 (2.9)

15 (3.7)

7 (2.5)

1.1

0.623

5 (10)

4 (4.6)

1.1

0.898

Any lifetime psychiatric disorder

No

24 (0.9)

4 (0.5)

3 (0.6)

.

.

 

1 (0.7)

.

.

Yes

121 (4.4)

44 (4.1)

26 (4.2)

2.0

0.001

22 (13)

15 (6.1)

11

0.020

Any 12 month psychiatric disorder

No

38 (0.9)

11 (0.7)

7 (0.8)

.

.

4 (2.6)

1 (0.4)

 

.

Yes

107 (8.7)

37 (8.2)

22 (8.5)

3.5

<0.001

18 (18)

15 (11)

6.8

<0.001

Two or more psychiatric disorders

No

50 (1.3)

14 (1.0)

9 (1.1)

.

.

3 (2.1)

4 (1.6)

.

.

Yes

95 (6.6)

34 (6.4)

20 (6.3)

1.9

<0.001

19 (18)

12 (8.6)

4.3

0.001

Health service use past 12 months

          

Any professional mental health service use

No

57 (1.2)

15 (0.9)

12 (1.2)

.

.

10 (5.5)

7 (2.5)

.

.

Yes

88 (11)

33 (13)

17 (12)

4.1

<0.001

12 (17)

9 (8.7)

2.0

0.048

Consulted a mental health professional and did not get enough help/info as needed

No, needs met

41 (12)

16 (15)

8 (15)

.

.

6 (13)

4 (5.6)

.

.

Yes, unmet need

24 (29)

6 (35)

2 (17)

1.8

0.023

6 (23)

6 (16)

2.0

0.162

  1. NSMHWB: National Survey Mental Health and Well-being (aged 18–85); ARMHS: Australian Rural Mental Health Study.
  2. #Bracketed values refer to the percentage of each predictor variable sub-category reporting 12-month suicidal ideation; see Additional file 1: Table S1 for cell sizes.
  3. Note: Each predictor variable was included in a separate logistic regression, controlling for age, gender, and K10 psychological distress score (as appropriate); AOR: Adjusted Odds Ratio - adjusted for the covariates; bolded p-values are statistically significant (against Bonferroni-adjusted thresholds); see Additional file 3: Tables S3a and Additional file 3: Table S3b for AOR Confidence Intervals and (non-significant) Predictor variable x Region interactions.