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Table 5 Selected logistic regressions for lifetime suicidal ideation by remoteness, comparing 2007-NSMHWB and ARMHS samples

From: Determinants of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts: parallel cross-sectional analyses examining geographical location

Characteristic (predictor or exposure variable)

Category

2007-NSMHWB#

ARMHS#

Major cities (n = 5388) n (%)

Inner regional (n = 1943) n (%)

Other (n = 1132) n (%)

AOR

p-value

Inner regional (n = 251) n (%)

Other (n = 383) n (%)

AOR

p-value

Demographic factors

          

Age in years

18-44

401 (15)

121 (15)

91 (19)

.

.

25 (42)

22 (28)

.

.

45-64

268 (18)

128 (19)

66 (18)

1.3

<0.001

36 (27)

48 (23)

0.68

0.095

65-85

87 (7.8)

40 (8.0)

22 (7.5)

0.59

<0.001

5 (8.9)

18 (18)

0.43

0.005

Gender

Male

310 (13)

114 (13)

79 (15)

.

.

27 (26)

26 (18)

.

.

Female

446 (15)

175 (17)

100 (16)

1.1

0.254

39 (26)

62 (26)

1.2

0.283

Marital status

Not married

529 (18)

185 (20)

120 (20)

.

.

31 (33)

51 (37)

.

.

Currently married

227 (9.2)

104 (10)

59 (11)

0.54

<0.001

35 (22)

36 (15)

0.48

<0.001

Education

No university degree

471 (15)

221 (16)

130 (15)

.

.

49 (26)

72 (23)

.

.

University or higher degree

285 (13)

68 (13)

49 (19)

0.87

0.056

17 (26)

16 (25)

0.94

0.784

Employment status

Employed

480 (14)

164 (14)

97 (14)

.

.

30 (24)

44 (21)

.

.

Not in Workforce

32 (27)

6 (18)

8 (22)

1.3

0.004

30 (26)

42 (26)

1.9

0.006

Unemployed

244 (13)

119 (16)

74 (17)

1.5

0.021

5 (56)

2 (20)

1.4

0.492

Financial adversity

Low

536 (12)

210 (13)

121 (13)

.

.

25 (17)

41 (19)

.

.

Moderate

157 (26)

56 (25)

48 (31)

1.7

<0.001

22 (46)

20 (29)

1.9

0.009

High

63 (54)

23 (44)

10 (38)

3.5

<0.001

6 (33)

13 (48)

1.6

0.223

Physical health

          

Smoking

No

507 (12)

181 (12)

104 (12)

.

.

43 (24)

53 (20)

.

.

Yes

249 (22)

108 (24)

75 (26)

1.8

<0.001

12 (32)

22 (37)

1.2

0.444

Number of chronic diseases

0

492 (13)

159 (14)

109 (15)

.

.

43 (30)

60 (28)

 

.

1

177 (15)

82 (15)

46 (16)

1.3

0.004

18 (21)

21 (17)

0.63

0.055

> = 2

87 (18)

48 (21)

24 (19)

2.0

<0.001

5 (22)

7 (15)

0.58

0.164

Mental health

          

Psychological distress (K10)

Low

308 (8.1)

115 (8.3)

85 (10)

.

.

9 (13)

9 (7.6)

.

.

 

Moderate

282 (23)

110 (25)

64 (26)

3.3

<0.001

30 (23)

46 (24)

2.7

<0.001

High

166 (50)

63 (53)

30 (53)

11

<0.001

27 (52)

33 (45)

7.9

<0.001

Any affective disorder

No lifetime diagnosis

397 (8.7)

158 (9.5)

95 (9.9)

.

.

29 (16)

47 (15)

.

.

Lifetime diagnosis with 12 month symptoms

157 (49)

59 (53)

31 (46)

4.2

<0.001

23 (59)

16 (42)

2.6

0.001

Lifetime diagnosis with no 12 month symptoms

202 (42)

72 (42)

53 (49)

5.8

<0.001

14 (54)

25 (63)

7.1

<0.001

Any anxiety disorder

No lifetime diagnosis

308 (7.7)

125 (8.7)

76 (9.2)

.

.

19 (14)

36 (16)

.

.

Lifetime diagnosis with 12 month symptoms

278 (37)

100 (39)

61 (38)

3.6

<0.001

37 (48)

33 (38)

2.7

<0.001

Lifetime diagnosis with no 12 month symptoms

170 (26)

64 (25)

42 (28)

3.2

<0.001

10 (27)

19 (30)

2.1

0.009

Any substance use disorders

No lifetime diagnosis

438 (11)

170 (12)

96 (12)

.

.

39 (20)

53 (19)

.

.

Lifetime diagnosis with 12 month symptoms

86 (34)

23 (29)

13 (25)

2.6

<0.001

6 (75)

7 (64)

6.7

<0.001

Lifetime diagnosis with no 12 month symptoms

232 (24)

96 (23)

70 (25)

2.5

<0.001

21 (42)

28 (32)

2.0

0.003

Any lifetime psychiatric disorder

No

107 (4.0)

38 (4.3)

28 (5.5)

.

.

4 (4.5)

11 (8.1)

.

.

Yes

649 (24)

251 (24)

151 (24)

4.7

<0.001

62 (38)

77 (31)

4.7

<0.001

Any 12 month psychiatric disorder

No

344 (8.3)

143 (9.6)

98 (11)

.

.

22 (14)

36 (15)

.

.

Yes

412 (33)

146 (33)

81 (31)

2.8

<0.001

44 (44)

52 (37)

2.3

<0.001

Two or more psychiatric disorders

No

262 (6.6)

109 (7.7%)

63 (7.7)

.

.

17 (12)

34 (14)

.

.

Yes

494 (35)

180 (34)

116 (37)

4.6

<0.001

49 (45)

54 (39)

3.2

<0.001

Health service use in past 12 months

          

Any professional mental health service use

No

445 (9.7)

173 (10)

115 (12)

.

.

37 (20)

47 (17)

.

.

Yes

311 (39)

116 (44)

64 (46)

3.6

<0.001

29 (41)

41 (39)

2.1

<0.001

Consulted a mental health professional and did not get as much help/info as needed

No, needs met

120 (34)

46 (43)

21 (40)

.

.

17 (35)

27 (38)

.

.

Yes, unmet need

50 (60)

10 (59)

6 (50)

1.7

0.019

14 (54)

18 (49)

1.4

0.291

  1. NSMHWB: National Survey Mental Health and Well-being (aged 18–85); ARMHS: Australian Rural Mental Health Study.
  2. #Bracketed values refer to the percentage of each predictor (or exposure) variable sub-category reporting lifetime suicidal ideation; see Additional file 1: Table S1 for cell sizes.
  3. Note: Each predictor variable was included in a separate logistic regression, controlling for age, gender, and K10 psychological distress score (as appropriate); AOR: Adjusted Odds Ratio - adjusted for the covariates; bolded p-values are statistically significant (against Bonferroni-adjusted thresholds); see Additional file 4: Table S4a and Additional file 4: Table S4b for AOR Confidence Intervals and (non-significant) Predictor variable x Region interactions.
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BMC Psychiatry

ISSN: 1471-244X

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