Symptoms | Supportive quotes from participants | Participant’s GHQ-12 score | Participant’s caste |
---|---|---|---|
ICD-10 symptoms of depression | |||
Persistent sadness | “I felt sad and my heart was also not stable.” | n/a | Yadav |
“When I became sad I felt weak and kept thinking about these things.” | 9 | Mandal | |
Fatigue or low energy | “I was so weak, didn’t feel like doing anything.” | 7 | Muslim |
“I was too weak to carry a bucket full of water, so I brought half a bucket of water to do some housework.” | 7 | Muslim | |
Disturbed sleep (also GAD) | “Even now I can’t sleep if I get worried.” | 8 | Dalit |
“I was feeling sleepy all the time because of my worry.” | 8 | Muslim | |
Poor concentration or indecisiveness (also GAD) | “I couldn’t understand the work because of tensions.” | 7 | Muslim |
Poor or increased appetite | “I lost my appetite.” | 11 | Dalit |
“I have so much tension. I have become weak because I don’t eat properly.” | 5 | Dalit | |
Suicidal thoughts or acts | “I feel tense when someone blames me for not having a son; then I wish to die with the baby.” | 8 | Dalit |
“I have lots of tension because of this; sometimes I feel like consuming poison because I can’t see a way out.” | 5 | Mandal | |
Agitation or slowing of movements | “I got very angry if someone said anything to me.” | 7 | Muslim |
“I was very irritable so which made me angry quickly, even when they showed sympathy I shouted a lot.” | 7 | Muslim | |
ICD-10 symptoms of Generalised Anxiety Disorder | |||
Autonomic symptom | “I felt giddy, my palpitation increased.” | 7 | Muslim |
Symptoms concerning chest and abdomen | “Sometimes I had back pain; sometimes chest pain, sometimes loin pain and sometimes tummy pain.” | 8 | Dalit |
Symptoms concerning brain and mind | “I was lost and felt dizzy” | 8 | Dalit |
“I thought I might die.” | 6 | Mandal | |
General symptoms | “I have pins and needles (jhujhuni in Maithili; jhamjhamaaunu in Nepali), weakness and fear.” | 10 | Muslim |
Symptoms of tension | “I had severe headache; didn’t feel like doing anything | 7 | Muslim |
“I had headache because of tension… I had body ache too.” | 5 | Dalit | |
Non-specific symptoms | “I get scared when someone speaks loudly.” | 10 | Muslim |
“I have so much tension so can’t remember a lot of things.” | 7 | Muslim | |
Symptoms related to tension only | |||
Disorientation | “I was wandering around here and there and got lost a few times.” | 5 | Sudi/Teli |
Emotional pain | “One pain is for not having a son.” | 8 | Dalit |
“People keep blaming me for not having a son; that hurts me very much.” | 8 | Dalit | |
Self-neglect | “They were asking me why I looked tense and didn’t take care myself.” | 5 | Sudi/Teli |
Fear for the future | “I was so apprehensive about my children!” | 7 | Muslim |
“I was afraid if anything happened to me and my husband because of this who would look after my two children.” | 5 | Sudi/Teli | |
Symptoms concerning the heart | “When it starts my whole body convulses and my heart is also not stable at that time.” | n/a | Dalit |