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Table 3 Adult personality disorders in a 15-year follow-up of adolescents with hypomania spectrum disorder or major depressive disorder (MDD) and of non-mood controls

From: Hypomania spectrum disorder in adolescence: a 15-year follow-up of non-mood morbidity in adulthood

Personality disorders (DIP-Q)

Full-syndromal hypomaniaan = 26 (%)

All hypomania spectrum n = 62 (%)

MDD n = 133 (%)

Control n = 149 (%)

Followed cases

Multiple imputation data

OR (95% CI)ball hypomania vs. MDD

OR (95% CI)ball hypomania vs. controls

OR (95% CI)ball hypomania vs. MDD

OR (95% CI)ball hypomania vs. controls

Cluster A (odd or eccentric)

        

Any cluster A disorder

7 (27)

13 (21)

16 (12)

5 (3)

1.98 (0.88-4.46)

7.54 (2.55-22.26)***

1.59 (0.69-3.69)

6.39 (2.10-19.49)**

Paranoid personality

5 (19)

10 (16)

12 (9)

4 (3)

1.96 (0.79-4.86)

6.73 (2.02-22.50)**

1.40 (0.64-3.05)

8.02 (2.39-26.88)***

Schizoid personality

-

1 (2)

3 (2)

1 (1)

0.83 (0.08-8.19)

2.64 (0.16-43.18)

0.84 (0.09-8.06)

2.96 (0.18-48.46)

Schizotypal personality

3 (12)

8 (13)

9 (7)

4 (3)

2.07 (0.75-5.73)

5.34 (1.54-18.53)**

2.07 (0.76-5.60)

5.50 (1.59-19.04)**

Cluster B (dramatic, emotional, or erratic)

        

Any cluster B disorder

2 (8)

6 (10)

18 (14)

4 (3)

0.68 (0.26-1.84)

4.12 (1.11-15.26)*

0.69 (0.25-1.88)

4.03 (1.12-14.48)*

Antisocial personality

1 (4)

2 (3)

2 (2)

-

2.09 (0.28-15.64)

- 1

1.94 (0.26-14.22)

- 1

Borderline personality

2 (8)

6 (10)

14 (11)

4 (3)

0.98 (0.35-2.71)

4.12 (1.11-15.26)*

0.89 (0.36-2.21)

4.98 (1.40-17.68)*

Histrionic personality

1 (4)

3 (5)

3 (2)

-

1.97 (0.38-10.36)

- 1

1.67 (0.33-8.56)

- 1

Narcissistic personality

-

2 (3)

5 (4)

-

1.07 (0.86-1.34)

- 1

0.86 (0.17-4.43)

- 1

Cluster C (anxious or fearful)

        

Any cluster C disorder

9 (35)

18 (29)

23 (17)

12 (8)

1.85 (0.90-3.80)

4.61 (2.06-10.33)***

1.69 (0.84-3.40)

4.25 (1.90-9.50)***

Avoidant personality

5 (19)

11 (18)

17 (13)

6 (4)

1.43 (0.62-3.30)

5.14 (1.80-14.66)**

1.15 (0.52-2.54)

4.90 (1.69-14.18)**

Dependent personality

2 (8)

2 (3)

6 (5)

1 (1)

0.83 (0.16-4.25)

5.41 (0.48-61.15)

0.48 (0.10-2.24)

5.54 (0.49-62.76)

Obsessive-compulsive personality

7 (27)

15 (24)

19 (14)

11 (7)

1.83 (0.85-3.95)

3.90 (1.67-9.12)**

2.29 (1.13-4.64)*

5.42 (2.44-12.05)***

Any personality disorder

9 (35)

18 (29)

26 (20)

12 (8)

1.61 (0.80-3.26)

4.61 (2.06-10.33)***

1.74 (0.92-3.31)

6.63 (2.93-15.00)***

  1. * <0.05; ** <0.01; *** < 0.001.
  2. aFull-syndromal hypomania in the follow up is included in all hypomania spectrum, but is also presented separately for transparency.
  3. bAll p-values adjusted for sex in a logistic regression model.
  4. 1Missing cases in the comparison group; could therefore not be analyzed.
  5. DIP-Q: DSM-IV – ICD-10 Personality Questionnaire; MDD: Major depressive disorder; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.
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BMC Psychiatry

ISSN: 1471-244X

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