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Table 4 Adult in- or outpatient care (ICD-10 codes) and prescription drugs (ATC groups) in a 15-year follow-up of adolescents with hypomania spectrum disorder or major depressive disorder (MDD) and of non-mood controls

From: Hypomania spectrum disorder in adolescence: a 15-year follow-up of non-mood morbidity in adulthood

Health service use and prescription drugsa

Full-syndromal hypomaniabn = 25 (%)

All hypo-mania spectrum n = 58 (%)

MDD n = 127 (%)

Controls n = 147 (%)

Followed cases

Multiple imputation data

OR (95% CI)call hypomania vs. MDD

OR (95% CI)call hypomania vs. controls

OR (95% CI)call hypomania vs. MDD

OR (95% CI)call hypomania vs. controls

In- or outpatient care due to mental disorders

        

F10-19 Substance related dis.

1 (4)

2 (3)

3 (2)

1 (1)

1.18 (0.18-7.69)

4.35 (0.38-50.31)

1.12 (0.18-6.85)

4.86 (0.43-55.16)

F20-29 Schizophrenia and other psychotic dis.

-

1 (2)

1 (1)

-

1.64 (0.09-29.21)

- 1

1.36 (0.08-22.43)

- 1

F30-39 Mood dis.

1 (4)

6 (10)

11 (9)

8 (5)

1.41 (0.49-4.07)

2.31 (0.75-7.11)

1.64 (0.67-4.02)

3.97 (1.42-11.09)**

F40-48 Anxiety and somatoform dis.

1 (4)

9 (16)

14 (11)

5 (3)

1.89 (0.75-4.77)

6.22 (1.95-19.83)**

2.10 (0.91-4.84)

8.20 (2.82-23.87)***

F50-59 Eating dis., sleep dis., sexual dysfunct.

-

2 (3)

3 (2)

2 (1)

1.45 (0.23-9.27)

2.93 (0.40-21.45)

2.70 (0.58-12.67)

6.24 (1.02-38.02)*

F60-69 Personality dis.

-

-

4 (3)

2 (1)

- 1

- 1

- 1

- 1

In- or outpatient care due to physical diseases

        

K00-K93 Diseases of the digestive system

7 (28)

15 (26)

23 (18)

18 (12)

1.64 (0.77-3.48)

2.44 (1.13-5.28)*

1.75 (0.87-3.52)

3.38 (1.69-6.79)***

S00-S98 Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes

6 (24)

22 (38)

41 (32)

31 (21)

1.17 (0.60-2.27)

2.14 (1.08-4.26)*

1.65 (0.93-2.90)

3.78 (2.09-6.86)***

Prescription drugs

        

L. Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents

1 (4)

4 (7)

1 (1)

1 (1)

9.72 (1.04-90.78)*

10.17 (1.10-93.78)*

9.25 (0.98-87.32)

11.17 (1.13-110.00)*

N. Nervous system

9 (36)

29 (50)

74 (58)

59 (40)

1.01 (0.79-1.30)

1.59 (1.19-2.13)**

1.11 (0.62-1.97)

3.23 (1.87-5.57)***

N03 Anticonvulsants

-

-

6 (5)

1 (1)

- 1

- 1

- 1

- 1

N05a Antipsychotics

1 (4)

4 (7)

2 (2)

-

4.90 (0.85-28.14)

- 1

7.82 (1.53-39.92)*

- 1

N05b Anxiolytics

4 (16)

11 (19)

15 (12)

6 (4)

2.02 (0.85-4.82)

5.74 (2.00-16.50)***

1.80 (0.83-3.87)

7.14 (2.88-17.73)***

N05c Hypnotics and sedatives

-

9 (16)

21 (17)

13 (9)

0.82 (0.34-1.96)

1.89 (0.76-4.72)

0.91 (0.42-1.94)

2.57 (1.11-5.93)*

N06a Antidepressants

6 (24)

18 (31)

35 (28)

19 (13)

1.31 (0.65-2.62)

3.06 (1.46-6.42)**

1.33 (0.72-2.46)

4.74 (2.43-9.22)***

N06b Psychostimulants

-

-

3 (2)

-

- 1

- 1

- 1

- 1

N07 Drugs for addictive disorders

-

2 (3)

6 (5)

-

0.88 (0.17-4.52)

- 1

0.70 (0.14-3.35)

- 1

  1. * <0.05; ** <0.01; *** < 0.001.
  2. aOnly diagnostic groups with significant group differences or of specific interest are shown.
  3. bFull-syndromal hypomania in the follow up is included in all hypomania spectrum, but is also presented separately for transparency.
  4. cAll p-values adjusted for sex in a logistic regression model.
  5. 1Missing cases in the comparison group; could therefore not be analyzed.
  6. ICD-10: International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision; ATC groups: Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical classification system; MDD: Major depressive disorder; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.
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BMC Psychiatry

ISSN: 1471-244X

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