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Table 1 Psychiatric symptoms and disease activity among adolescent CD patients (n = 7, mean ± SD)

From: Gluten-free diet may alleviate depressive and behavioural symptoms in adolescents with coeliac disease: a prospective follow-up case-series study

 

0 (baseline)

1–2 months

p-value1)

3 months

p-value1)

6 months

p-value2)

CGAS 3)

74.4 (± 16.5)4)

  

86.9 (± 5.6)

0.043

88.3 (± 9.2)

0.006

HAM-D5)

5.7 (± 7.3)

  

0.3 (± 0.8)

0.043

1.0 (± 1.3)

0.009

HAM-A6)

6.9 (± 6.9)

  

0.1 (± 0.4)

0.043

0.7 (± 1.3)

0.010

BDI7)

3.4 (± 6.5)

0.0 (± 0.0) 8)

n.s.9)

0.1 (± 0.4)

0.041

0.6 (± 1.1)

0.014

BAI10)

3.0 (± 2.9)

1.3 (± 1.5) 8)

n.s.

0.7 (± 1.1)

0.042

1.4 (± 2.2)

n.s.

CBCL11) Total problems

28.3 (± 12.8)

18.4 (± 6.9)

0.028

14.0 (± 9.5)

0.028

18.4 (± 16.2)

0.007

   Anxious/depressed

3.9 (± 3.1)

1.4 (± 1.7)

0.046

1.3 (± 1.5)

0.026

1.3 (± 1.1)

0.033

   Aggressive behaviour

7.3 (± 4.2)

5.6 (± 2.2)

n.s.

3.6 (± 3.1)

0.039

6.0 (± 6.4)

0.047

YSR12) Total problems

24.4 (± 13.8)

17.0 (± 12.5)

n.s.

8.0 (± 7.8)

0.018

9.4 (± 7.4)

0.001

   Anxious/depressed

2.7 (± 3.4)

1.6 (± 2.2)

n.s.

0.3 (± 0.5)

0.026

0.6 (± 1.0)

0.002

   Aggressive behaviour

5.1 (± 2.7)

4.1 (± 2.7)

n.s.

2.0 (± 2.2)

0.044

2.4 (± 1.4)

0.021

   Somatic complains

4.9 (± 2.4)

3.1 (± 2.3)

0.038

2.1 (± 1.2)

0.026

2.3 (± 2.1)

0.003

S-EndoAbA8)

800(200–1600)

200 (5–400)

0.018

5 (5–1600)

0.027

5 (5–100)

0.001

S-tTGAbA

139 (± 158)

30 (± 35)

0.018

19 (± 26)

0.018

7 (± 8)

< 0.001

Prolactin (mU/l)13)

1569 (± 767)

218 (± 60)

0.028

284 (± 170)

0.018

205 (± 92)14)

0.019

S-T4/TSH (nmol/l:mU/l)

34 (± 6)

64 (± 38)14)

0.043

84 (± 53)

0.043

74 (± 32)15)

0.039

  1. 1) non-parametric Wilcoxon signed-ranks test; compared with baseline; 2) repeated measures non-parametric Friedman test; 3) Children's Global Assessment; 4) mean ± SD; 5) Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; 6) Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale ; 7) Beck Depression Inventory; 8) median (min-max); 9) non significant; 10) Beck Anxiety Inventory; 11) Child Behavior Checklist; 12) Youth Self Report; 13) normal: females 50–300, males 50–500; 14) n = 6 ; 15) n = 4