Table 1 Frequency of sleep-wake behaviour during the past 6 months in children with Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism (n = 32) and controls (n = 32).
From: Insomnia in school-age children with Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism
Sleep-wake behaviour | Group | Never (%) | Rarely (%) | ≥ 1–2 t/wk (%) | ≥ 3 t/wk (%) | ≥ 5 t/wk (%) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dyssomnia-related | |||||||
Q1 Bedtime resistance | AS/HFA | 15.6 | 37.5 | 9.4 | 21.9 | 15.6 | ns |
Controls | 15.6 | 40.6 | 18.8 | 18.8 | 6.3 | ||
Q2 Anxiety at bedtime | AS/HFA | 50.0 | 28.1 | 9.4 | 0 | 12.5 | ns |
Controls | 71.9 | 18.8 | 0 | 3.1 | 6.3 | ||
Q3 Lights on during night | AS/HFA | 56.3 | 9.4 | 0 | 0 | 34.4 | ns |
Controls | 68.8 | 15.6 | 0 | 0 | 15.6 | ||
Q4 Accompanied by someone at onset of sleep | AS/HFA | 62.5 | 12.5 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 12.5 | ns |
Controls | 75.0 | 12.5 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 0 | ||
Q5 Sleeps in parents' bed | AS/HFA | 56.3 | 25.0 | 9.4 | 0 | 9.4 | ns |
Controls | 59.4 | 28.1 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 6.3 | ||
Q6 Difficulties initiating sleep | AS/HFA | 15.6 | 37.5 | 21.9 | 12.5 | 12.5 | < 0.01 |
Controls | 31.3 | 56.3 | 9.4 | 0 | 3.1 | ||
Q7 Night-time wakings | AS/HFA | 9.4 | 68.8 | 3.1 | 15.6 | 3.1 | ns |
Controls | 18.8 | 46.9 | 18.8 | 9.4 | 6.3 | ||
Q8 Tosses and turns during sleep | AS/HFA | 46.9 | 25.0 | 9.4 | 9.4 | 0 | ns |
Controls | 37.5 | 53.1 | 0 | 3.1 | 3.1 | ||
Q9 Pain in legs disturb sleep | AS/HFA | 78.1 | 18.8 | 0 | 3.1 | 0 | ns |
Controls | 75.0 | 25.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
Q10 Snoring | AS/HFA | 59.4 | 25.0 | 6.3 | 0 | 6.3 | ns |
Controls | 62.5 | 31.3 | 0 | 6.3 | 0 | ||
Q11 Breathing difficulties during sleep | AS/HFA | 93.8 | 3.1 | 0 | 3.1 | 0 | ns |
Controls | 93.8 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 0 | 0 | ||
Q12 Daytime sleepiness | AS/HFA | 18.8 | 43.8 | 18.8 | 15.6 | 3.1 | < 0.01 |
Controls | 46.9 | 50.0 | 3.1 | 0 | 0 | ||
Q13 Daytime naps | AS/HFA | 81.3 | 12.5 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 0 | ns |
Controls | 93.8 | 6.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
Parasomnia-related | |||||||
Q14 Rhythmic movements | AS/HFA | 93.8 | 6.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ns |
Controls | 100.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
Q15 Bedwetting | AS/HFA | 90.6 | 6.3 | 0 | 0 | 3.1 | ns |
Controls | 93.8 | 3.1 | 0 | 3.1 | 0 | ||
Q16 Teethgrinding | AS/HFA | 71.9 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 3.1 | 0 | ns |
Controls | 75.0 | 21.9 | 0 | 3.1 | 0 | ||
Q17 Sleep talking | AS/HFA | 46.9 | 40.6 | 9.4 | 0 | 3.1 | ns |
Controls | 40.6 | 50.0 | 3.1 | 6.3 | 0 | ||
Q18 Sleep walking | AS/HFA Controls | 93.8 84.4 | 6.3 15.6 | 0 0 | 0 0 | 0 0 | ns |
Q19 Confusional arousals | AS/HFA | 78.1 | 15.6 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 0 | ns |
Controls | 87.5 | 9.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
Q20 Night terrors | AS/HFA | 87.5 | 9.4 | 3.1 | 0 | 0 | ns |
Controls | 90.6 | 6.3 | 3.1 | 0 | 0 | ||
Q21 Nightmares | AS/HFA | 15.6 | 78.1 | 3.1 | 0 | 3.1 | ns |
Controls | 31.3 | 62.5 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 0 |